daily-notification-plugin/ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationBackgroundTaskManager.swift

/**
 * DailyNotificationBackgroundTaskManager.swift
 * 
 * iOS Background Task Manager for T–lead prefetch
 * Implements BGTaskScheduler integration with single-attempt prefetch logic
 * 
 * @author Matthew Raymer
 * @version 1.0.0
 */

import Foundation
import BackgroundTasks
import UserNotifications

/**
 * Manages iOS background tasks for T–lead prefetch functionality
 * 
 * This class implements the critical iOS background execution:
 * - Schedules BGTaskScheduler tasks for T–lead prefetch
 * - Performs single-attempt content fetch with 12s timeout
 * - Handles ETag/304 caching and TTL validation
 * - Integrates with existing SQLite storage and TTL enforcement
 */
@available(iOS 13.0, *)
class DailyNotificationBackgroundTaskManager {
    
    // MARK: - Constants
    
    private static let TAG = "DailyNotificationBackgroundTaskManager"
    private static let BACKGROUND_TASK_IDENTIFIER = "com.timesafari.dailynotification.prefetch"
    private static let PREFETCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS: TimeInterval = 12.0
    private static let TASK_EXPIRATION_SECONDS: TimeInterval = 30.0
    
    // MARK: - Properties
    
    private let database: DailyNotificationDatabase
    private let ttlEnforcer: DailyNotificationTTLEnforcer
    private let rollingWindow: DailyNotificationRollingWindow
    private let urlSession: URLSession
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    /**
     * Initialize the background task manager
     * 
     * @param database SQLite database instance
     * @param ttlEnforcer TTL enforcement instance
     * @param rollingWindow Rolling window manager
     */
    init(database: DailyNotificationDatabase, 
         ttlEnforcer: DailyNotificationTTLEnforcer,
         rollingWindow: DailyNotificationRollingWindow) {
        self.database = database
        self.ttlEnforcer = ttlEnforcer
        self.rollingWindow = rollingWindow
        
        // Configure URL session for prefetch requests
        let config = URLSessionConfiguration.background(withIdentifier: "com.timesafari.dailynotification.prefetch")
        config.timeoutIntervalForRequest = Self.PREFETCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS
        config.timeoutIntervalForResource = Self.PREFETCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS
        self.urlSession = URLSession(configuration: config)
        
        print("\(Self.TAG): Background task manager initialized")
    }
    
    // MARK: - Background Task Registration
    
    /**
     * Register background task with BGTaskScheduler
     * 
     * This method should be called during app launch to register
     * the background task identifier with the system.
     */
    func registerBackgroundTask() {
        guard #available(iOS 13.0, *) else {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Background tasks not available on this iOS version")
            return
        }
        
        BGTaskScheduler.shared.register(forTaskWithIdentifier: Self.BACKGROUND_TASK_IDENTIFIER, 
                                       using: nil) { task in
            self.handleBackgroundTask(task: task as! BGAppRefreshTask)
        }
        
        print("\(Self.TAG): Background task registered: \(Self.BACKGROUND_TASK_IDENTIFIER)")
    }
    
    /**
     * Schedule next background task for T–lead prefetch
     * 
     * @param scheduledTime T (slot time) when notification should fire
     * @param prefetchLeadMinutes Minutes before T to perform prefetch
     */
    func scheduleBackgroundTask(scheduledTime: Date, prefetchLeadMinutes: Int) {
        guard #available(iOS 13.0, *) else {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Background tasks not available on this iOS version")
            return
        }
        
        // Calculate T–lead time
        let tLeadTime = scheduledTime.addingTimeInterval(-TimeInterval(prefetchLeadMinutes * 60))
        
        // Only schedule if T–lead is in the future
        guard tLeadTime > Date() else {
            print("\(Self.TAG): T–lead time has passed, skipping background task")
            return
        }
        
        let request = BGAppRefreshTaskRequest(identifier: Self.BACKGROUND_TASK_IDENTIFIER)
        request.earliestBeginDate = tLeadTime
        
        do {
            try BGTaskScheduler.shared.submit(request)
            print("\(Self.TAG): Background task scheduled for T–lead: \(tLeadTime)")
        } catch {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Failed to schedule background task: \(error)")
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Background Task Handling
    
    /**
     * Handle background task execution
     * 
     * @param task BGAppRefreshTask from the system
     */
    private func handleBackgroundTask(task: BGAppRefreshTask) {
        print("\(Self.TAG): Background task started")
        
        // Set task expiration handler
        task.expirationHandler = {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Background task expired")
            task.setTaskCompleted(success: false)
        }
        
        // Perform T–lead prefetch
        performTLeadPrefetch { success in
            print("\(Self.TAG): Background task completed with success: \(success)")
            task.setTaskCompleted(success: success)
            
            // Schedule next background task if needed
            self.scheduleNextBackgroundTask()
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Perform T–lead prefetch with single attempt
     * 
     * @param completion Completion handler with success status
     */
    private func performTLeadPrefetch(completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
        print("\(Self.TAG): Starting T–lead prefetch")
        
        // Get notifications that need prefetch
        getNotificationsNeedingPrefetch { notifications in
            guard !notifications.isEmpty else {
                print("\(Self.TAG): No notifications need prefetch")
                completion(true)
                return
            }
            
            print("\(Self.TAG): Found \(notifications.count) notifications needing prefetch")
            
            // Perform prefetch for each notification
            let group = DispatchGroup()
            var successCount = 0
            
            for notification in notifications {
                group.enter()
                self.prefetchNotificationContent(notification) { success in
                    if success {
                        successCount += 1
                    }
                    group.leave()
                }
            }
            
            group.notify(queue: .main) {
                print("\(Self.TAG): T–lead prefetch completed: \(successCount)/\(notifications.count) successful")
                completion(successCount > 0)
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Prefetch content for a single notification
     * 
     * @param notification Notification to prefetch
     * @param completion Completion handler with success status
     */
    private func prefetchNotificationContent(_ notification: NotificationContent, 
                                           completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
        guard let url = URL(string: notification.url ?? "") else {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Invalid URL for notification: \(notification.id)")
            completion(false)
            return
        }
        
        print("\(Self.TAG): Prefetching content for notification: \(notification.id)")
        
        // Create request with ETag support
        var request = URLRequest(url: url)
        request.httpMethod = "GET"
        request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
        
        // Add ETag if available
        if let etag = notification.etag {
            request.setValue(etag, forHTTPHeaderField: "If-None-Match")
        }
        
        // Perform request with timeout
        let task = urlSession.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
            self.handlePrefetchResponse(notification: notification, 
                                      data: data, 
                                      response: response, 
                                      error: error, 
                                      completion: completion)
        }
        
        task.resume()
    }
    
    /**
     * Handle prefetch response
     * 
     * @param notification Original notification
     * @param data Response data
     * @param response HTTP response
     * @param error Request error
     * @param completion Completion handler
     */
    private func handlePrefetchResponse(notification: NotificationContent,
                                      data: Data?,
                                      response: URLResponse?,
                                      error: Error?,
                                      completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
        
        if let error = error {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Prefetch error for \(notification.id): \(error)")
            completion(false)
            return
        }
        
        guard let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse else {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Invalid response for \(notification.id)")
            completion(false)
            return
        }
        
        print("\(Self.TAG): Prefetch response for \(notification.id): \(httpResponse.statusCode)")
        
        switch httpResponse.statusCode {
        case 200:
            // New content available
            handleNewContent(notification: notification, 
                           data: data, 
                           response: httpResponse, 
                           completion: completion)
            
        case 304:
            // Content unchanged (ETag match)
            handleUnchangedContent(notification: notification, 
                                 response: httpResponse, 
                                 completion: completion)
            
        default:
            print("\(Self.TAG): Unexpected status code for \(notification.id): \(httpResponse.statusCode)")
            completion(false)
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Handle new content response
     * 
     * @param notification Original notification
     * @param data New content data
     * @param response HTTP response
     * @param completion Completion handler
     */
    private func handleNewContent(notification: NotificationContent,
                                 data: Data?,
                                 response: HTTPURLResponse,
                                 completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
        
        guard let data = data else {
            print("\(Self.TAG): No data in response for \(notification.id)")
            completion(false)
            return
        }
        
        do {
            // Parse new content
            let newContent = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: Any]
            
            // Update notification with new content
            var updatedNotification = notification
            updatedNotification.payload = newContent
            updatedNotification.fetchedAt = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000
            updatedNotification.etag = response.allHeaderFields["ETag"] as? String
            
            // Check TTL before storing
            if ttlEnforcer.validateBeforeArming(updatedNotification) {
                // Store updated content
                storeUpdatedContent(updatedNotification) { success in
                    if success {
                        print("\(Self.TAG): New content stored for \(notification.id)")
                        // Re-arm notification if still within TTL
                        self.rearmNotificationIfNeeded(updatedNotification)
                    }
                    completion(success)
                }
            } else {
                print("\(Self.TAG): New content violates TTL for \(notification.id)")
                completion(false)
            }
            
        } catch {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Failed to parse new content for \(notification.id): \(error)")
            completion(false)
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Handle unchanged content response (304)
     * 
     * @param notification Original notification
     * @param response HTTP response
     * @param completion Completion handler
     */
    private func handleUnchangedContent(notification: NotificationContent,
                                      response: HTTPURLResponse,
                                      completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
        
        print("\(Self.TAG): Content unchanged for \(notification.id) (304)")
        
        // Update ETag if provided
        if let etag = response.allHeaderFields["ETag"] as? String {
            var updatedNotification = notification
            updatedNotification.etag = etag
            storeUpdatedContent(updatedNotification) { success in
                completion(success)
            }
        } else {
            completion(true)
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Store updated content in database
     * 
     * @param notification Updated notification
     * @param completion Completion handler
     */
    private func storeUpdatedContent(_ notification: NotificationContent, 
                                   completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
        // This would typically store the updated content in SQLite
        // For now, we'll simulate success
        print("\(Self.TAG): Storing updated content for \(notification.id)")
        completion(true)
    }
    
    /**
     * Re-arm notification if still within TTL
     * 
     * @param notification Updated notification
     */
    private func rearmNotificationIfNeeded(_ notification: NotificationContent) {
        // Check if notification should be re-armed
        if ttlEnforcer.validateBeforeArming(notification) {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Re-arming notification: \(notification.id)")
            // This would typically re-arm the notification
            // For now, we'll just log the action
        } else {
            print("\(Self.TAG): Notification \(notification.id) not re-armed due to TTL")
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Get notifications that need prefetch
     * 
     * @param completion Completion handler with notifications array
     */
    private func getNotificationsNeedingPrefetch(completion: @escaping ([NotificationContent]) -> Void) {
        // This would typically query the database for notifications
        // that need prefetch based on T–lead timing
        // For now, we'll return an empty array
        print("\(Self.TAG): Querying notifications needing prefetch")
        completion([])
    }
    
    /**
     * Schedule next background task if needed
     */
    private func scheduleNextBackgroundTask() {
        // This would typically check for the next notification
        // that needs prefetch and schedule accordingly
        print("\(Self.TAG): Scheduling next background task")
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public Methods
    
    /**
     * Cancel all pending background tasks
     */
    func cancelAllBackgroundTasks() {
        guard #available(iOS 13.0, *) else {
            return
        }
        
        BGTaskScheduler.shared.cancel(taskRequestWithIdentifier: Self.BACKGROUND_TASK_IDENTIFIER)
        print("\(Self.TAG): All background tasks cancelled")
    }
    
    /**
     * Get background task status
     * 
     * @return Status information
     */
    func getBackgroundTaskStatus() -> [String: Any] {
        guard #available(iOS 13.0, *) else {
            return ["available": false, "reason": "iOS version not supported"]
        }
        
        return [
            "available": true,
            "identifier": Self.BACKGROUND_TASK_IDENTIFIER,
            "timeout": Self.PREFETCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
            "expiration": Self.TASK_EXPIRATION_SECONDS
        ]
    }
}