feat(ios): implement Phase 1 permission methods and fix build issues

Implement checkPermissionStatus() and requestNotificationPermissions()
methods for iOS plugin, matching Android functionality. Fix compilation
errors across plugin files and add comprehensive build/test infrastructure.

Key Changes:
- Add checkPermissionStatus() and requestNotificationPermissions() methods
- Fix 13+ categories of Swift compilation errors (type conversions, logger
  API, access control, async/await, etc.)
- Create DailyNotificationScheduler, DailyNotificationStorage,
  DailyNotificationStateActor, and DailyNotificationErrorCodes components
- Fix CoreData initialization to handle missing model gracefully for Phase 1
- Add iOS test app build script with simulator auto-detection
- Update directive with lessons learned from build and permission work

Build Status: ✅ BUILD SUCCEEDED
Test App: ✅ Ready for iOS Simulator testing

Files Modified:
- doc/directives/0003-iOS-Android-Parity-Directive.md (lessons learned)
- ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationPlugin.swift (Phase 1 methods)
- ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationModel.swift (CoreData fix)
- 11+ other plugin files (compilation fixes)

Files Added:
- ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationScheduler.swift
- ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationStorage.swift
- ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationStateActor.swift
- ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationErrorCodes.swift
- scripts/build-ios-test-app.sh
- scripts/setup-ios-test-app.sh
- test-apps/ios-test-app/ (full test app)
- Multiple Phase 1 documentation files

ios/Plugin/DailyNotificationErrorCodes.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/**
+ * DailyNotificationErrorCodes.swift
+ * 
+ * Error code constants matching Android implementation
+ * 
+ * @author Matthew Raymer
+ * @version 1.0.0
+ */
+
+import Foundation
+
+/**
+ * Error code constants matching Android error handling
+ * 
+ * These error codes must match Android's error response format:
+ * {
+ *   "error": "error_code",
+ *   "message": "Human-readable error message"
+ * }
+ */
+struct DailyNotificationErrorCodes {
+    
+    // MARK: - Permission Errors
+    
+    static let NOTIFICATIONS_DENIED = "notifications_denied"
+    static let BACKGROUND_REFRESH_DISABLED = "background_refresh_disabled"
+    static let PERMISSION_DENIED = "permission_denied"
+    
+    // MARK: - Configuration Errors
+    
+    static let INVALID_TIME_FORMAT = "invalid_time_format"
+    static let INVALID_TIME_VALUES = "invalid_time_values"
+    static let CONFIGURATION_FAILED = "configuration_failed"
+    static let MISSING_REQUIRED_PARAMETER = "missing_required_parameter"
+    
+    // MARK: - Scheduling Errors
+    
+    static let SCHEDULING_FAILED = "scheduling_failed"
+    static let TASK_SCHEDULING_FAILED = "task_scheduling_failed"
+    static let NOTIFICATION_SCHEDULING_FAILED = "notification_scheduling_failed"
+    
+    // MARK: - Storage Errors
+    
+    static let STORAGE_ERROR = "storage_error"
+    static let DATABASE_ERROR = "database_error"
+    
+    // MARK: - Network Errors (Phase 3)
+    
+    static let NETWORK_ERROR = "network_error"
+    static let FETCH_FAILED = "fetch_failed"
+    static let TIMEOUT = "timeout"
+    
+    // MARK: - System Errors
+    
+    static let PLUGIN_NOT_INITIALIZED = "plugin_not_initialized"
+    static let INTERNAL_ERROR = "internal_error"
+    static let SYSTEM_ERROR = "system_error"
+    
+    // MARK: - Helper Methods
+    
+    /**
+     * Create error response dictionary
+     * 
+     * @param code Error code
+     * @param message Human-readable error message
+     * @return Error response dictionary
+     */
+    static func createErrorResponse(code: String, message: String) -> [String: Any] {
+        return [
+            "error": code,
+            "message": message
+        ]
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Create error response for missing parameter
+     * 
+     * @param parameter Parameter name
+     * @return Error response dictionary
+     */
+    static func missingParameter(_ parameter: String) -> [String: Any] {
+        return createErrorResponse(
+            code: MISSING_REQUIRED_PARAMETER,
+            message: "Missing required parameter: \(parameter)"
+        )
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Create error response for invalid time format
+     * 
+     * @return Error response dictionary
+     */
+    static func invalidTimeFormat() -> [String: Any] {
+        return createErrorResponse(
+            code: INVALID_TIME_FORMAT,
+            message: "Invalid time format. Use HH:mm"
+        )
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Create error response for notifications denied
+     * 
+     * @return Error response dictionary
+     */
+    static func notificationsDenied() -> [String: Any] {
+        return createErrorResponse(
+            code: NOTIFICATIONS_DENIED,
+            message: "Notification permissions denied"
+        )
+    }
+}
+