Stream.Transcripts/twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - S.../2128684961 (2024-04-24) - S...


								WEBVTT


								00:30.000 --> 00:32.000

								You


								01:00.000 --> 01:02.000

								I


								01:21.560 --> 01:24.520

								Guess I didn't update the stream. Yes, this is part two


								01:25.360 --> 01:30.040

								I'll update the title later. I guess I thought I updated it here on my OBS


								01:30.040 --> 01:36.440

								But I guess I didn't push the button done and so that it did not date my bad. This is part two. I


								01:41.160 --> 01:43.160

								Shall do it


								01:54.520 --> 01:59.480

								I'm afraid that the latest data tells us that we're dealing with essentially a worst case scenario


								01:59.480 --> 02:04.080

								I'm afraid that the latest data tells us that we're dealing with essentially a worst case scenario


								02:24.520 --> 02:26.520

								I


								02:38.680 --> 02:44.280

								Think truth is good for kids. We're so busy lying. We don't even recognize the truth no more than society


								02:44.800 --> 02:49.080

								We want everybody to feel good. That's not that's not the way life is


								02:55.520 --> 03:00.840

								We should be okay here. I'm just gonna check this one. So I'm back from the gym


								03:00.840 --> 03:03.080

								I thought I'd get part two done before tomorrow


								03:04.080 --> 03:11.200

								We're eventually gonna be doing a show a day or two shows a day one at 10 10 and one at 13 13


								03:12.120 --> 03:13.960

								So at 10 o'clock and one o'clock


								03:13.960 --> 03:19.520

								But you know we got to roll slowly here and make sure that we we build this momentum


								03:20.400 --> 03:25.960

								Intelligently and one of the things we're trying to build momentum around is this whole pre-on biology stuff


								03:26.320 --> 03:31.520

								And there's a there's a lot to learn and so we were gonna finish the video that we started earlier


								03:31.520 --> 03:34.720

								Thank you very much for being here. See you in a second


								03:37.280 --> 03:41.520

								This episode is sponsored by mink that's moo plus like


								03:41.520 --> 03:43.520

								Mm-hmm


								03:45.520 --> 03:53.080

								This my point is that if if we were able to just like we're trying to get everybody to take the vaccine if we had


								03:53.160 --> 03:58.480

								Put that into getting everybody to take hypermectin and fluvoxamine for for a month


								03:58.800 --> 04:02.720

								If we and if we could accomplish that then COVID would be wiped out


								04:02.720 --> 04:08.120

								We could do it and actually any municipality that could regulate its borders could clear the disease


								04:11.520 --> 04:15.840

								But you can tell if someone's lying, you know, you can sort of feel it in people


								04:17.160 --> 04:20.240

								And I have lied. I'm sure I'll lie again. I don't want to lie


								04:20.400 --> 04:24.080

								You know, I don't think I'm a liar. I try not to be a liar. I don't want to be a liar


								04:24.080 --> 04:27.440

								I think it's like really important not to be a liar


								04:30.240 --> 04:33.280

								I mean that stands alone as like one of the best


								04:34.600 --> 04:37.240

								Rapid fire statements made by anyone


								04:37.240 --> 04:40.960

								Ever maybe in mainstream media


								05:07.240 --> 05:09.240

								You


								05:37.240 --> 05:39.240

								I


								05:43.160 --> 05:48.560

								The meter this always looks like it's really soft, but it actually is always really really hard in my ears


								05:57.880 --> 05:59.860

								Let's do it


								05:59.860 --> 06:09.620

								Sweaty bombs, this is so crazy like these bumps. This is so crazy. I feel so nervous like what in the world man


								06:29.860 --> 06:31.860

								Oh


								06:59.860 --> 07:04.500

								Big-time brick


								07:06.580 --> 07:13.220

								I'm glad somebody noticed that that was a big-time brick. I'm not trying to represent myself as some kind of baller here


								07:13.420 --> 07:18.700

								That was the whole point of making it a real real clip one good shot one brick


								07:19.660 --> 07:22.460

								That's about what I'm good for. I don't think that's that bad though


								07:22.540 --> 07:25.700

								If you've been following along for a while you're here at the top of the wave


								07:26.220 --> 07:31.740

								Where we've been shooting three-pointers for four years now where we stay focused on the biology


								07:31.740 --> 07:38.820

								We don't take the bait on TV and we love our neighbors trying to rescue those skilled TV watchers in our family and on our street


								07:39.420 --> 07:43.540

								By sharing this biology consistently on Facebook where I am not on


								07:44.300 --> 07:46.300

								Twitter where I'm mostly not


								07:46.820 --> 07:54.140

								Shared everywhere you can and if you can maybe you can find your way to get going biological.com and find a way to support


								07:54.140 --> 08:00.220

								That would be also great. It's also just a great place and way to share what we do send people to get your own


								08:00.420 --> 08:03.580

								Biological.com. They can find everything there everything has its own link


								08:04.380 --> 08:12.540

								And it all just kind of centers on that all of the links to all the different places where it's stored is there and yes, this is


								08:14.540 --> 08:19.900

								Independent Brightwave presentation that basically means that we don't take sponsorships because we're not offered them


								08:20.740 --> 08:25.420

								And we are supported only only only by viewers like you


								08:28.180 --> 08:31.100

								Still trying to break the same illusion


								08:35.380 --> 08:41.380

								Sometimes it's nice for having a little live Eric Johnson Evan root fever to try and help


								08:42.220 --> 08:46.260

								Establish the mood that it's necessary in order to


								08:47.140 --> 08:50.780

								Engage in United non-compliance is what you're really doing here


								08:51.300 --> 08:57.340

								When you come here and try to discuss the flip side of the biology on TV the flip side of the biology on


								08:58.140 --> 09:01.340

								Social media and so today we're going to keep up the good work


								09:02.060 --> 09:04.060

								That needs to be done


								09:04.060 --> 09:08.220

								This is going biological the safest way to get biology in your head


								09:17.020 --> 09:19.020

								You


								09:24.460 --> 09:30.940

								Thank you very much, this is giga ohm biological a high-resistance low noise information brief brought to you by a biologist


								09:30.940 --> 09:32.580

								24th of April


								09:32.580 --> 09:37.620

								2024 we're on our second stream of the day, but that shouldn't be something we should be applauded for


								09:37.900 --> 09:41.300

								We need to do more and there is a lot of work to do


								09:42.260 --> 09:46.260

								Sometimes it's just it's handy to be ready. We were ready for this


								09:46.260 --> 09:51.220

								We've been preparing for this video for a long time and it's actually so far been incredibly revealing


								09:51.220 --> 09:55.900

								And so I want to start first by kind of reframing where we are again


								09:55.900 --> 09:59.220

								This is about a principle of informed consent


								09:59.220 --> 10:04.100

								I'm gonna escape out of here for a second just to make sure that this is going where I want it to go


								10:05.780 --> 10:08.940

								This is where I want it to be I'm gonna skip a couple of those slides


								10:08.940 --> 10:15.940

								It's always smart to make sure you are where you need to be so we've talked about these TV scenarios where there's either a lab leak or a


								10:16.340 --> 10:18.420

								Batcave virus, so maybe there's nothing at all


								10:19.260 --> 10:22.740

								And how these things have generally


								10:24.220 --> 10:30.300

								Hearded the vast majority of people in West Western civilization to accept a faith in


								10:31.060 --> 10:35.220

								What is essentially a novel biology? It's not just a novel virus


								10:35.660 --> 10:41.100

								But the whole story of a novel virus and how it has behaved in the last five years


								10:42.020 --> 10:47.820

								constitutes a novel biology because first of all the precedents of a trackable gain of function


								10:48.780 --> 10:56.340

								RNA because we need to be very honest with the people in our lives about what is essentially the story the story is not a virus


								10:57.260 --> 11:00.860

								with lots of little gears and wheels and and


								11:01.740 --> 11:05.220

								Enzymes and magnets and mitochondria inside


								11:06.460 --> 11:10.580

								It is simply an RNA molecule wrapped around a


								11:11.100 --> 11:17.580

								protein called the end protein and that is contained within what is essentially a cell membrane a


								11:18.940 --> 11:22.060

								Lipi protein coat lipo protein coat


								11:22.900 --> 11:23.700

								and


								11:23.700 --> 11:27.620

								So coronaviruses as they are presented to us are nothing more


								11:28.460 --> 11:29.980

								than a


								11:29.980 --> 11:35.220

								nanoparticle with some RNA packaged inside of it, and so by the


								11:37.500 --> 11:40.900

								The broad understanding of the rules of biology that


								11:42.300 --> 11:44.300

								that model


								11:44.580 --> 11:46.180

								then


								11:46.180 --> 11:49.020

								dictates that whatever properties are


								11:49.660 --> 11:52.660

								contained inside of an RNA pandemic are


								11:53.100 --> 12:02.020

								emergent properties that are contained within the actual sequence of that RNA and indeed that is the story that many people have


								12:02.020 --> 12:06.460

								been telling us from the very beginning that a fear and cleavage site that HIV inserts that


								12:07.020 --> 12:13.220

								homology to a staphylococcan and teratoxin B protein could be partially


								12:14.180 --> 12:21.460

								explanatory in terms of the severe COVID that we see in some places or the long COVID that we see in some places


								12:22.660 --> 12:27.500

								And this mythology is extraordinary because at the heart of it again


								12:27.500 --> 12:35.260

								I'm going to say it one more time is an RNA molecule that because of the actual content of its sequence the actual


								12:35.380 --> 12:42.580

								Order in which the bases are found it is capable of doing something that otherwise all other RNA molecules


								12:43.100 --> 12:45.100

								never even


								12:45.980 --> 12:48.220

								Never even it doesn't cut it doesn't happen


								12:49.140 --> 12:54.740

								Now the flu viruses is RNA molecules, but the crazy thing is is flu viruses are


								12:55.420 --> 12:58.540

								Supposedly packaged with some enzymes


								13:00.220 --> 13:06.660

								So even flu viruses have by definition even more gears and wheels and little motors in there


								13:07.020 --> 13:11.380

								Then a coronavirus a coronavirus is actually just an


								13:12.420 --> 13:14.420

								instruction module and


								13:14.420 --> 13:17.020

								if that instruction module is read then


								13:17.860 --> 13:19.780

								Apparently it makes copies of itself


								13:19.780 --> 13:26.700

								But the point is is that if that instruction module has a fear and cleavage site or it has HIV inserts or it has


								13:28.300 --> 13:30.300

								homology to to a


								13:30.980 --> 13:32.580

								toxin protein


								13:32.580 --> 13:34.740

								That now it can cause a pandemic


								13:36.940 --> 13:38.940

								So the second part of this is that


								13:39.100 --> 13:41.740

								Transfection was waiting in the wings for a very long time


								13:42.420 --> 13:47.580

								Just waiting for the right opportunity to come and save mankind. I mean the whole species


								13:48.580 --> 13:49.740

								and


								13:49.740 --> 13:56.060

								Since we rushed it since we tried to make a lot of money and cut corners or whatever it is that we did


								13:56.620 --> 14:00.700

								Or because we weren't liable. So since we weren't liable. We cut corners


								14:01.300 --> 14:05.700

								That some people were injured because of the contamination found in some of these


								14:06.540 --> 14:09.820

								And some of these countermeasures now keep in mind one of the major


								14:10.780 --> 14:14.700

								Lawsuits that's currently moving through the courts is a lawsuit


								14:15.460 --> 14:21.820

								To do with contamination of remdesivir vials so not even the use of remdesivir. Yes or no, but


								14:22.900 --> 14:25.220

								Contaminated remdesivir and so you see


								14:25.740 --> 14:28.900

								then when you realize that they've been talking since


								14:29.460 --> 14:31.460

								2000


								14:31.460 --> 14:34.220

								Wow a terrible weatherman 2020


								14:35.700 --> 14:40.340

								About the spike protein being the center of this whole mystery


								14:40.980 --> 14:48.580

								The spike proteins interaction with ACE 2 the spike proteins ability to cause multi-system inflammatory disease or whatever it's called


								14:48.820 --> 14:52.780

								The spike proteins targeting of the heart muscle the spike protein being


								14:53.620 --> 14:59.060

								amyloidogenic the spike protein being a pre-on or having pre-on-like sequences in it


								15:01.220 --> 15:04.220

								Has been confounded from the very beginning


								15:06.460 --> 15:09.460

								With the ability or the propensity for


								15:09.820 --> 15:13.260

								transfection or transformation technologies to


								15:14.220 --> 15:16.220

								result in


								15:16.660 --> 15:22.260

								Pre-on-like disorders or whatever these things are like crowds felt the occub in the paper of Luke Montenier


								15:22.260 --> 15:26.900

								The reason why the paper of Luke Montenier is so important is that it came out very early


								15:27.700 --> 15:30.700

								and yet those people had been actually


								15:31.420 --> 15:37.140

								They had been transformed with an adenovirus carrying the spike protein gene


								15:39.020 --> 15:42.340

								So they had been transformed they had not been infected and


								15:42.980 --> 15:47.260

								Of course right away the people were arguing. What were they arguing? What were they arguing?


								15:47.460 --> 15:50.980

								They were arguing that maybe those people had been infected before they were


								15:51.860 --> 15:53.860

								Before they were vaccinated


								15:54.260 --> 15:59.900

								And so already they needed to clean the narrative already they had to cast out already


								15:59.900 --> 16:01.900

								They had to speak up


								16:02.020 --> 16:06.740

								Because the worst-case scenario was already under threat from the very beginning the worst-case scenario


								16:07.540 --> 16:12.980

								Narrative centers always on the spike protein even though there are 29 or 30 other


								16:13.140 --> 16:19.060

								Proteins that have various isoforms that can do all kinds of things most of which we don't know and


								16:20.540 --> 16:26.020

								Yet we are hyper focused on the spike protein the spike protein is what's used to make the phylogenetic tree


								16:26.020 --> 16:28.460

								The spike protein has defined all previous


								16:29.100 --> 16:34.260

								Coronavirus variants in the past if you look for new SARS viruses


								16:34.260 --> 16:37.900

								You don't look for new N proteins you look for new spike proteins


								16:38.860 --> 16:39.700

								and


								16:39.700 --> 16:45.700

								Part of the reason you look for new spike proteins is not because the spike protein is the most variable gene


								16:45.700 --> 16:47.700

								It is because it's the most abundant


								16:48.980 --> 16:50.980

								subgenomic RNA


								16:50.980 --> 16:51.860

								and


								16:51.860 --> 16:58.060

								We've looked at the infectious cycle since early sixties through the 70s 80s 90s


								16:58.460 --> 17:05.300

								And now all the way up to now with nanopore sequencing and we keep finding the same weird ratio of almost no


								17:06.020 --> 17:08.300

								full genomic RNAs, but


								17:09.100 --> 17:13.980

								orders many multiple orders of magnitude more subgenomic RNAs


								17:16.260 --> 17:19.340

								Predominated by spike protein e gene and gene


								17:20.100 --> 17:22.900

								And so when you look for those subgenomic RNAs


								17:23.220 --> 17:30.340

								You're looking for a signal that is expected to be there and many many many many many many orders of magnitude even in their


								17:31.060 --> 17:33.060

								most honest appraisal of


								17:33.780 --> 17:37.820

								the infectious cycle of their entity called coronavirus and


								17:38.980 --> 17:46.940

								So so much of this biology is almost wholly based on the cartoons they draw rather than on the experimental results that they've obtained


								17:47.940 --> 17:52.220

								So much of this biology is based on the cartoons


								17:52.220 --> 17:58.780

								They draw rather than the data and the experimental results that they have actually obtained


								17:58.780 --> 18:06.020

								And that is the reason why this story is so complicated and needs to be obfuscated by people who say well


								18:06.020 --> 18:08.020

								There's just no viruses at all


								18:08.220 --> 18:10.220

								None of the viruses exist


								18:11.220 --> 18:13.220

								And


								18:14.100 --> 18:20.620

								So it is a very very complicated trap that we find ourselves in and prions as part of that prions and


								18:21.500 --> 18:26.420

								Understanding what they are and what they're what they aren't if they're anything at all is


								18:28.820 --> 18:30.820

								Extremely important


								18:30.820 --> 18:35.260

								And as with virology we would be very very


								18:36.260 --> 18:45.820

								It would it was we're risking a very very big error if we assume that the biology that we've been given or told or led to assume


								18:45.820 --> 18:50.220

								As it would be because none of us have studied this intentionally until recently


								18:53.340 --> 19:01.900

								That we really understand to what extent any of this stands on firm ground and so let me switch over to the the desk here


								19:02.140 --> 19:09.140

								One of the things that I would like to start out with with this with this second part is


								19:09.340 --> 19:12.700

								Just to kind of review about what he said in the first part


								19:12.700 --> 19:18.100

								One of the things that he said in the first part was in the beginning and I'll give you the example


								19:18.100 --> 19:20.100

								I think I have it up already


								19:20.100 --> 19:22.100

								Don't I have it up already?


								19:22.100 --> 19:32.780

								If we go back to the beginning of this you can find that one of the


								19:36.420 --> 19:42.260

								One of the things that they were doing first was trying to optimize the production of the disease


								19:42.620 --> 19:44.620

								So first they couldn't find it


								19:45.020 --> 19:50.820

								Right it was very hard to achieve some kind of enrichment of the disease


								19:51.580 --> 19:57.220

								Agent and so he used two different graphs here to show you where the sucrose agent


								19:57.900 --> 20:00.740

								He said well darn it


								20:01.980 --> 20:09.100

								He said what you would expect to see is some kind of peak right some kind of peak over a certain place in


								20:09.580 --> 20:14.780

								The sucrose gradient, but you instead you see all kinds of a smear now


								20:14.780 --> 20:18.780

								Here's one of the things that I find already very interesting. Let's go back


								20:19.580 --> 20:21.580

								to the other the other


								20:25.020 --> 20:26.620

								Let's go back here


								20:26.620 --> 20:34.260

								This is the the nature pre-on paper that we've we've referenced a couple times now and lead up to this discussion


								20:34.260 --> 20:38.580

								And this is perhaps a little bit better drawing. It's a little more up to date


								20:38.700 --> 20:40.900

								This is the pre-on protein, right?


								20:40.900 --> 20:41.860

								Can you see oh sorry?


								20:41.860 --> 20:48.340

								This is the pre-on protein the protein that is on the outside of the cell that we don't know very much about what it does


								20:48.780 --> 20:54.540

								but it's for sure on the outside of the cell or on the inside of lysosomes and in the basal state


								20:54.540 --> 20:57.300

								It does something but in the in the pre-onogenic


								20:58.260 --> 21:02.740

								State or the prey I guess in this case it's PRPC


								21:03.940 --> 21:07.900

								And then this is a pre-on. Sorry. I had that wrong. This is the regular


								21:08.660 --> 21:13.780

								Pre-on protein and you see three alpha helis is there and then here you see the pre-on protein


								21:13.780 --> 21:17.620

								And it's many of them all layered on top of each other. That's what you see there


								21:17.700 --> 21:23.540

								And the implication is is that it's some kind of little fibro right there all layered on top of each other


								21:23.540 --> 21:28.860

								So this is already several pre-on proteins that have folded incorrectly and then induced it on one another


								21:28.860 --> 21:33.060

								And then this one can look induce the blue one to join them you see that


								21:34.020 --> 21:41.260

								And so this concept implies a couple things if we believe that the sequence of a protein is very much


								21:41.740 --> 21:43.740

								related to how it folds and


								21:44.020 --> 21:46.020

								So the potential for it to fold


								21:46.340 --> 21:54.780

								is related to its sequence means that it was should at least in this model and it appears also to imply that it's not able to


								21:55.620 --> 21:58.820

								Able to make any other proteins fold like this


								21:58.820 --> 22:00.220

								But it can make


								22:00.220 --> 22:05.980

								proteins with the right sequence the the protein pre-on the pre-on protein


								22:06.580 --> 22:08.060

								sequence


								22:08.060 --> 22:10.580

								so what I find interesting about the


								22:14.100 --> 22:21.500

								What I find interesting about this figure in the in the video that we watched earlier today is that this


								22:22.740 --> 22:28.740

								Is still seeming to imply that there is one protein now if there's one protein that makes


								22:29.300 --> 22:35.900

								Aggregates, what can we predict? What's the model right? That's what science is all about you have a model


								22:35.900 --> 22:40.620

								And then it makes predictions about measurements in the future and those predictions if


								22:41.180 --> 22:46.260

								If done cleverly or or or tested cleverly


								22:46.980 --> 22:48.980

								can provide fruitful


								22:50.060 --> 22:52.900

								Guidance to the experiments that should be done


								22:52.900 --> 23:00.660

								So let me just take you over here and let's talk first about the the concept of pre-ons making more pre-ons


								23:02.500 --> 23:04.500

								By


								23:05.220 --> 23:09.300

								Coming together right pre-ons press pre-ons equals a fibrel


								23:10.860 --> 23:15.420

								And that was also what he was talking about with regard to amyloidosis and


								23:16.140 --> 23:23.500

								Amyloid I guess be in the same thing really just different sides of the same coin or something which I called out before as being nonsense


								23:23.860 --> 23:27.340

								But I don't so I don't want to imply that I'm I'm saying it here


								23:27.700 --> 23:36.340

								But let's just talk specifically now about this model and the idea that the actual profile that they measure in this sucrose gradient


								23:36.340 --> 23:38.740

								is smeared across densities which means


								23:39.700 --> 23:45.580

								Apparently not one thing and the argument that they might make is one where they would say


								23:46.220 --> 23:49.460

								Sorry, they would say that that the


								23:50.260 --> 23:52.260

								That the pre-on


								23:52.380 --> 23:54.380

								protein is is


								23:54.540 --> 23:56.540

								making


								23:57.180 --> 24:02.620

								Fibrels in those fibrels because they're multiples of the the pre-on protein


								24:02.620 --> 24:07.100

								Then they're going to be all across that sucrose gradient, but that's not entirely


								24:08.020 --> 24:11.980

								accurate because if the pre-on protein weighs


								24:12.700 --> 24:13.860

								X


								24:13.860 --> 24:21.100

								then two pre-on proteins will weigh two X and the and the in a gel like that you're going to get


								24:21.820 --> 24:26.180

								Lines or in a sucrose gradient you could get lines where okay


								24:26.180 --> 24:32.060

								Well, then this is you know two and then this would be five and this would be eight or whatever right?


								24:32.060 --> 24:36.700

								I mean you can actually count it because it would move up in increments by weight


								24:37.180 --> 24:41.340

								because they move through these things by weight or by density and


								24:45.340 --> 24:51.780

								So in a sucrose gradient if they don't separate by density there might be a way to do it by charge in a


								24:52.140 --> 24:55.620

								In a gel, but there must be some way to show me


								24:56.260 --> 25:03.380

								That these preons are working together because if they're if they're they're coming together in multiples


								25:03.380 --> 25:10.260

								Then the multiples after digestion should become visible. They should be small fractions of the things that aren't digested


								25:10.260 --> 25:17.620

								And yet somehow or another this part of the model which I can show you again is very clearly visible


								25:18.620 --> 25:20.620

								Here


								25:21.700 --> 25:26.620

								That's exactly what's implied by this nature paper from not too long ago


								25:27.620 --> 25:33.260

								and in fact, I think a lot of what Stanley Prusner implies in his


								25:33.940 --> 25:38.980

								Oops, sorry about that. I'm just losing my buttons here implies in his


								25:40.300 --> 25:43.100

								In his slides and so that's what I'm a little


								25:43.780 --> 25:49.500

								Frustrated with in regard to that, but we're gonna keep going because there's more we're gonna we're still reviewing this


								25:52.060 --> 26:00.140

								So then he said that one of the best things that happened if I recall correctly is that they were able to get yet there it is


								26:00.780 --> 26:06.540

								The mouse model took a really long time. It took like a year and 60 animals before you could I guess


								26:07.340 --> 26:15.660

								Decide whether there was was scraping protein to analyze for but anyway, they got something to work much faster in hamsters


								26:15.660 --> 26:22.180

								And I'm still I it's still homework for me to figure out exactly this what the story is on this slide


								26:22.500 --> 26:32.700

								But the point would be that after this they now managed somehow this next slide suggests that they got the incubation time bio assay down low enough


								26:33.420 --> 26:38.660

								So that you didn't have to waste a lifetime as he said made jokes and people laughed about


								26:39.300 --> 26:45.940

								Waste a lifetime trying to wait for this stuff to happen so that you had something that you could use I guess to put in other animals heads


								26:46.500 --> 26:49.420

								And try to make the disease move from animal to animal


								26:49.660 --> 26:54.140

								So then he tries to purify using detergent extraction nuclei


								26:55.620 --> 27:02.260

								Digestion and protonase K digestion and after all of that stuff there's still some


								27:02.740 --> 27:06.740

								Pre-on protein present right because it's it's resistant to all of this stuff


								27:06.740 --> 27:14.300

								And so then that helped develop this concept that even after they get rid of the the nucleic acids even after they use detergent


								27:14.300 --> 27:18.500

								There's still something there that apparently causes this this


								27:20.660 --> 27:24.860

								Well, this disease stayed at some point when they injected into the brains of animals


								27:24.860 --> 27:29.040

								But already this this started to fall apart a little bit. It seemed already like


								27:29.960 --> 27:31.960

								Hand-waving and so then he moves on farther


								27:32.880 --> 27:37.820

								And he gets to this crucial point here where they're using knockout mice


								27:39.720 --> 27:41.720

								and


								27:41.720 --> 27:45.280

								In the well, they're using knockout mice and regular mice


								27:45.280 --> 27:49.120

								But anyway, the point in this picture was supposedly we could let him say it I guess


								27:49.880 --> 27:57.040

								Is that here you have the pre-on protein and then here is where you take that protein fraction and you digest it with


								27:57.680 --> 28:02.000

								Protonasis enzymes to cut the protein up and then essentially everything's gone


								28:03.240 --> 28:05.240

								but in the


								28:05.320 --> 28:08.120

								Pre-anagenic state or in the in the scraping state


								28:08.520 --> 28:14.560

								Then when you digest these proteins which are different proteins apparently then are in lane one even though


								28:14.560 --> 28:18.080

								This is supposed to be the control and this is supposed to be the experimental group


								28:18.080 --> 28:23.120

								And then you digest that fraction what you are left with is still a


								28:24.080 --> 28:29.480

								Fraction, I guess it kind of a similar weight as this one and so then the argument is


								28:30.760 --> 28:32.760

								that this represents the


								28:33.120 --> 28:35.520

								Pre-anscrapey form that is


								28:36.240 --> 28:42.920

								Undigestable by these protonasis that it's gone here because it wasn't present in this fraction in the healthy animal or in the


								28:43.200 --> 28:48.440

								The un-un manipulated animal we could listen to see what he says there again if you want


								28:49.120 --> 28:55.000

								Just to see exactly what anybody talks about destroy the protein we destroy the infectivity or every time we destroy the infectivity


								28:55.000 --> 28:57.000

								the protein was removed or


								28:57.320 --> 28:58.840

								destroyed and


								28:58.840 --> 29:00.360

								when we


								29:00.360 --> 29:04.240

								Eventually figured out what was going on we found that there was a normal form of the protein in all of us now


								29:04.240 --> 29:09.520

								This is a gel and the proteins migrate and the smaller they are the faster they migrate through this gel this porous material


								29:09.520 --> 29:11.280

								sort of like jello and


								29:11.280 --> 29:12.760

								Then we can stain them with antibodies


								29:12.760 --> 29:16.200

								And so what we found was that the protein was a protein in all of us


								29:16.240 --> 29:22.200

								Which is a normal form of the pre-an protein and when we treat with enzymes that destroy proteins the protein was completely destroyed


								29:22.200 --> 29:24.800

								But in the brains of these hamsters that became ill with Scrapey


								29:25.000 --> 29:30.320

								What we found was that there was both a normal form of the protein and another form of the protein that when we treated with


								29:30.320 --> 29:34.160

								The enzymes that destroy proteins there was a residual piece and here now this is funny


								29:34.160 --> 29:37.440

								I didn't catch this the first time but he was using antibodies here


								29:37.440 --> 29:44.640

								He gee he shows us later in the talk that there are antibodies that bind one and not the other so why do we know that the antibody


								29:44.640 --> 29:47.920

								He's using here doesn't bind the fraction that's left here


								29:49.160 --> 29:54.080

								Maybe there is a fraction here, but the antibody doesn't bind it whereas it does bind it in this form


								29:56.440 --> 30:00.200

								There's lots of weird things happening here because we use antibodies so


								30:01.560 --> 30:07.280

								The best word I guess I have is laxidazically at this time in science in 2002


								30:07.480 --> 30:10.960

								we were still holy clueless to the bouquet of


								30:11.600 --> 30:19.960

								Molecular variation that's found even in some of the best what were presumed monoclonal antibody preparations. It's a really interesting


								30:21.120 --> 30:24.440

								Signal here too because you know if the resolution is


								30:24.960 --> 30:28.880

								Like this with all this noise that he doesn't feel like he needs to explain


								30:29.520 --> 30:33.800

								Then you can already see that something interesting is happening here. So then they say


								30:35.480 --> 30:40.320

								Something about the structure of the pre-an protein and that then the normal form


								30:40.960 --> 30:44.280

								it has these three alpha helices and then in the


								30:45.240 --> 30:52.560

								Infectious not so good form. It has more beta pleated sheets or more beta helices in this region


								30:54.000 --> 30:57.600

								And then they go on to say that when they digested these guys


								30:58.560 --> 31:01.800

								They found these pre-an like rods or pre-an rods


								31:02.760 --> 31:07.160

								According to the guy that he was working with after they cut the N-terminal off of


								31:07.880 --> 31:13.200

								the pre-an protein in vitro and later this structure was apparently


								31:14.440 --> 31:18.640

								Compared and considered homologous to amyloid protein


								31:20.600 --> 31:27.880

								Plaques or or fibros that were found in the brain of amyloid disease or the hundreds many many many diseases


								31:28.600 --> 31:32.720

								Apparently according to to Stanley that do the amyloid thing


								31:32.720 --> 31:40.840

								Then he told us about this crystallization that happens when you make enough of it and how they used


								31:41.360 --> 31:43.080

								x-ray crystallography


								31:43.080 --> 31:49.440

								To start to study the formation that they make and what formations they can make with one another as subunits


								31:50.240 --> 31:57.200

								Inside of that crystal and then that allowed them to kind of understand indeed that there was there were these three alpha helices


								31:57.600 --> 31:59.680

								and confirm that and so


								32:00.160 --> 32:07.160

								Then he showed us this picture which isn't very unlike the infectious cycle to tell us exactly how this happens


								32:07.440 --> 32:10.120

								The pre-an protein gene is expressed


								32:10.120 --> 32:17.640

								The protein is manufactured inside of the Golgi and expressed on the chant on the outside of the membrane and then it can also be


								32:18.560 --> 32:20.720

								Taken in in some of these


								32:21.160 --> 32:26.000

								Evaginations and then I don't know at some point. I guess it's something bad can happen


								32:26.000 --> 32:28.000

								We don't know what it does


								32:28.000 --> 32:30.000

								Which is really interesting


								32:31.520 --> 32:33.520

								So then


								32:33.560 --> 32:37.200

								He told us about this other gene that's in the family


								32:37.560 --> 32:42.440

								He said that it was very much related to it and that it had the same three alpha helices


								32:42.440 --> 32:47.960

								But these same three alpha helices only have about a 25% amino acid homology


								32:48.360 --> 32:55.440

								With the pre-an protein alpha helices, so I met made the point that that doesn't seem very homologous to me


								32:55.440 --> 32:56.640

								but


								32:56.640 --> 33:02.680

								because again alpha helices beta pleated sheets and beta


								33:04.800 --> 33:12.000

								Heloces are all general structures that can be made with chains of amino acids and one is


								33:13.120 --> 33:18.040

								many different combinations of amino acids can form these these forms and so


								33:18.960 --> 33:21.880

								the particular shape and form and


								33:22.720 --> 33:29.680

								Hydrophobicity of each of these alpha helices might be very different depending on the combination, but the the general shape is not so


								33:30.920 --> 33:36.360

								Decimilar and so it's it's that's the reason why you can go through a sequence and identify that this is an alpha


								33:36.360 --> 33:40.760

								He was even though it's only 25% the same as this one


								33:40.760 --> 33:43.160

								It's more of the what repeats when and that kind of thing


								33:43.960 --> 33:45.640

								and


								33:45.640 --> 33:50.760

								So that's another gene that they're that he's now kind of saying might be related to this stuff


								33:52.200 --> 33:56.200

								then he starts talking about crowdsfeld yachob in in families and


								33:57.080 --> 33:58.840

								sometimes it's


								33:58.840 --> 34:00.200

								evidence of


								34:00.200 --> 34:04.160

								preons getting into humans is 20 years or 40 years later


								34:04.160 --> 34:10.520

								So we could still see the effects of eating preon infected meat 20 or 40 years later


								34:10.720 --> 34:16.800

								which is very convenient in 2002 because that could actually be right now and and


								34:17.440 --> 34:19.080

								timed perfectly with


								34:19.080 --> 34:21.960

								Transfection to cover it up and we could just turn around and say well


								34:22.160 --> 34:26.720

								We shouldn't have been eating meat for the last 20 years at least that's what he definitely implied


								34:27.440 --> 34:30.040

								There was also in here some stuff where they were


								34:30.720 --> 34:38.320

								Bovinizing mice, but it was a little bit of hand waving and nonsense and I still think it was probably over expression of protein rather than


								34:39.240 --> 34:44.800

								Replacement thereof then he talked about that was where this there it is the bovine the bovine


								34:45.600 --> 34:47.600

								the bovinized mice


								34:48.160 --> 34:50.600

								So they over express a bovine


								34:52.400 --> 35:00.120

								Probably under some kind of conditional promoter they over express the bovine preon protein and then they show that that


								35:00.920 --> 35:02.360

								makes the mouse


								35:02.360 --> 35:08.520

								susceptible to the bovine sponge of form encephalopathy, but not the other ones and so


								35:09.400 --> 35:12.760

								Kinda demonstrates that there's some specificity


								35:12.760 --> 35:18.720

								to the different agents, but the different agents are all basically coming from the same


								35:19.680 --> 35:24.780

								Protein, so I'm not really sure, you know, we'd have to go through all these papers to see how


								35:26.480 --> 35:32.000

								Biologically useful this model is or whether it's really just you know injecting junk in animals heads twice


								35:33.000 --> 35:35.000

								and


								35:35.000 --> 35:39.360

								Then we got to the yes


								35:39.360 --> 35:46.760

								these are some more antibodies and whether they bind or not and this is just showing you that they they use antibodies as a way of


								35:47.640 --> 35:51.840

								probing whether certain parts of a protein are present or not or whether they're


								35:52.560 --> 35:58.120

								Available for antibody binding or not and to a certain extent. I think this makes some


								35:58.680 --> 36:04.520

								Sense, but it would really requires very clever controls and very astute


								36:05.320 --> 36:14.320

								Alternative experiments to support and so I feel like a lot of times in this talk. It has been used as kind of a hand-waving thing


								36:15.240 --> 36:18.640

								Here I'm gonna prove to you that these things fold differently


								36:19.480 --> 36:24.720

								And the way I'm gonna do that is use antibodies that bind and don't bind and I think that's a little bit of


								36:25.240 --> 36:31.560

								Yeah, anyway, I think that's a little bit sketch then we might be right where we were wanting to be I


								36:31.840 --> 36:33.840

								Think


								36:33.840 --> 36:37.320

								Think we might be right where we wanted to be we stopped here because


								36:38.600 --> 36:44.400

								we were looking at the regular prion protein of the protein in this great escapee form and


								36:44.640 --> 36:52.200

								How degradation took longer in these neuroblastoma cells and I was kind of angry because I didn't understand how they were


								36:52.920 --> 36:56.880

								Expressing the same protein that folds in two different ways in these


								36:57.760 --> 37:03.640

								Separately in these cell lines it seemed to imply that they knew a sequence that was different or something and I didn't understand that


								37:04.000 --> 37:06.960

								So I said this is a PRPC and defined what is called the house


								37:06.960 --> 37:09.160

								So I said that we had I had to look into that


								37:09.160 --> 37:11.160

								So I think that's where we are right now


								37:11.160 --> 37:13.960

								So there's a few things that just don't really line up


								37:13.960 --> 37:19.440

								But now we're gonna go into more of the chemistry and messing around and I think we're gonna see more of the same kind of


								37:20.160 --> 37:23.200

								weird bridges being made that aren't really


								37:24.040 --> 37:30.960

								supported by very much evidence just conjecture and cartoons, so let's see half life for formation very rapid and


								37:31.560 --> 37:33.560

								David Borchardt working here in San Francisco


								37:34.040 --> 37:39.840

								Confirmed that and then showed that the half-life time for degradation is about six hours and that PRP scrapie was made even more


								37:39.840 --> 37:42.560

								Slowly with a half-time of formation of about three to ten hours now


								37:42.560 --> 37:47.360

								I had thought that PRP scrapie was complete granite and that it was never degraded


								37:47.520 --> 37:52.080

								But in the last slide that I showed you this is really represents the degradation of PRP scrapie


								37:52.080 --> 37:54.080

								the loss of prions from the culture


								37:55.160 --> 38:01.100

								And so we were able to calculate a number as I mentioned before where 50% of the PRP scrapie disappears of about 30 hours


								38:01.960 --> 38:04.560

								This has important implications for thinking about all the general


								38:04.560 --> 38:07.040

								You know it could be that they just stain with these different


								38:07.120 --> 38:12.640

								Anybodies that they claim are selective for the proteins and when the stain goes away then they say the proteins are gone


								38:12.640 --> 38:16.440

								If there's some indirect measurement we would have to look into it diseases


								38:17.320 --> 38:21.040

								It tells us that cells are capable of degrading both PRPC and PRP scrapie


								38:21.040 --> 38:26.880

								And it raises the question whether PRP scrapie is normally found at very low levels in normal cells and has a physiological function


								38:26.880 --> 38:33.040

								And that is a very appealing way of thinking about all of this because it makes much more sense than thinking that PRP scrapie is something totally apparent


								38:33.560 --> 38:35.960

								It raises the question of whether or not we really have an issue


								38:35.960 --> 38:42.640

								It's a kinetic race between the formation of PRP scrapie and the cells ability to clear PRP scrapie and that when the cell can keep up with the


								38:42.680 --> 38:48.720

								formation and clear it like it does with other protein all other proteins in fact that when that happens everything is functioning fine


								38:48.840 --> 38:53.160

								But when the cell gets out of balance see you almost felt like you had to make that point


								38:53.680 --> 38:57.200

								That all other proteins fold incorrectly and we have to do it


								38:57.200 --> 39:01.720

								We have to get rid of we have to degrade all other proteins and we do I'm not saying we don't


								39:01.720 --> 39:12.880

								I'll let I'll go back just so you can hear it again. I didn't interrupt


								39:12.880 --> 39:17.240

								It's a kinetic race between the formation of PRP scrapie and the cells ability to clear PRP scrapie


								39:17.240 --> 39:22.720

								And that when the cell can keep up with the formation and clear it like it does with other protein all other proteins


								39:22.720 --> 39:25.760

								In fact that when that happens everything is functioning fine


								39:25.840 --> 39:32.240

								See so that's that's the place where we stopped where really the model is and let's let's let's be clear


								39:32.560 --> 39:36.080

								We want to do the model the model is that


								39:37.840 --> 39:40.440

								the pre on protein and


								39:42.280 --> 39:46.560

								Pre on protein folded incorrectly with the SC superscript


								39:47.720 --> 39:52.360

								The scrapie protein are produced by the same process


								39:53.200 --> 39:59.880

								But one is takes longer to degrade and so even though maybe smaller


								40:01.280 --> 40:02.960

								numbers of


								40:02.960 --> 40:09.640

								This confirmation come out of the ribosome. They take longer to degrade and so the kinetics of degradation


								40:10.520 --> 40:13.680

								Play into this and that's what can also make the


								40:14.480 --> 40:17.400

								onset anywhere from 60 days to


								40:17.920 --> 40:21.120

								to 40 years as he says


								40:22.360 --> 40:24.600

								And in theory that kind of makes sense


								40:24.600 --> 40:32.440

								It sounds like a fuse that could have any length of time depending on the exact parameters of by which it burns


								40:35.240 --> 40:40.560

								It's also a very convenient story that makes a lot of predictions that should have sort of


								40:41.160 --> 40:47.040

								Easily testable experiments that can grasp or can get can get at those ideas


								40:47.480 --> 40:52.840

								So let's listen as he develops this idea where again remember pre on protein in its good form and


								40:53.520 --> 41:00.680

								Pre on protein in its pre on a genic form are present at all times in all healthy animals


								41:01.440 --> 41:02.520

								and


								41:02.520 --> 41:07.880

								That it is only the kinetics of degradation and production that over time


								41:08.560 --> 41:16.440

								Can result in a preponderance of the scrapie form which can then of course cause this fibro formation, etc


								41:18.040 --> 41:23.480

								So the whole mechanism isn't quite understood yet, but the ticking time bomb part the one


								41:24.480 --> 41:32.480

								Molecule part doesn't really make sense anymore because according to this story. It's not just one molecule and now the ticking time bomb starts


								41:34.080 --> 41:40.040

								You see that's a this is a very different model if you're just gonna flip flop between those two models or


								41:40.400 --> 41:45.560

								If you're gonna say that Stanley Proustner in 2002 did know what he was talking about and


								41:46.560 --> 41:49.720

								Just one molecule is enough to cause this disease


								41:50.520 --> 41:52.520

								hmm interesting


								41:52.960 --> 41:59.040

								But when the cell gets out of balance it can no longer clear PRP scrapie at the rate that it's formed


								41:59.040 --> 42:02.040

								I'm talking about very very low levels that we can't detect even buying these animal assays


								42:02.640 --> 42:08.840

								Then something goes awry and we began to accumulate more and more PRP scrapie and eventually the animal gets sick and goes on to die or the human being


								42:09.920 --> 42:11.920

								Now I promise you a little chemistry at the end


								42:12.760 --> 42:15.280

								And if you just look down here at chlorpromisine this is Thorazine


								42:15.280 --> 42:21.680

								This is one of the first anti-psychotic drugs, and this is the structure of it has these three rings and when Carson Korth added one micromolar


								42:21.680 --> 42:28.880

								This amount he still saw these protease resistant bands this so the different the three bands are the ones with no sugars one sugar chain and two sugar chains


								42:28.880 --> 42:31.240

								They're showing a little better here. So what is this?


								42:33.160 --> 42:38.240

								Is that dr. Drew reason a lot of what I've talked about today


								42:38.600 --> 42:45.960

								Hilarie seems like cyber is only mode right I mean remember in 20 in 2019. I was fully a believer in vaccines


								42:45.960 --> 42:52.600

								I didn't know about any of this. I thought it was a godly goop. So so this is fabulous because here's what you got here, right?


								42:52.600 --> 42:54.600

								Here's what you got here


								42:54.600 --> 42:56.200

								You got a guy


								42:56.200 --> 43:04.600

								who basically is one of these many people who now who's an old man who's using testosterone and pushing


								43:05.600 --> 43:07.280

								pharma products


								43:07.280 --> 43:14.160

								Here you have a guy that from every other lawyer I can tell they don't take him seriously


								43:15.000 --> 43:21.040

								They don't think his pedigree is any good. They don't think his arguments that he makes are any good and they're pretty sure


								43:21.400 --> 43:23.400

								There's something up


								43:24.600 --> 43:32.040

								Like lawyers not me other lawyers people that I trust and people that I don't trust they're all unanimous that this this can't


								43:32.360 --> 43:34.360

								be someone to take seriously


								43:34.560 --> 43:41.840

								And this person is a person whose whose daughter was on Alex Jones at least twice


								43:42.400 --> 43:46.520

								In the run-up the year before the pandemic


								43:47.400 --> 43:55.700

								Had a million subscribers on YouTube before I guess jokingly threatened to go to the house of the YouTube CEO and kill her or him


								43:55.700 --> 44:07.940

								And we're supposed to believe that a retired pharma exec who sold her company to Pfizer by the way and was helping them


								44:07.940 --> 44:09.940

								I guess testing


								44:10.140 --> 44:16.660

								People before they tested them so that they if they had cardiac problems that they wouldn't be in the trial and you know


								44:16.660 --> 44:18.140

								I don't know


								44:18.140 --> 44:24.900

								maybe better ways to read the QP wave or whatever it's called and and and and the whole point is


								44:25.220 --> 44:32.180

								Is that it just seems like all the people that are managing to get anywhere with regard to getting their message out


								44:32.180 --> 44:37.100

								I've always been stepping in front of other people. She has stepped in front of Catherine Watt


								44:39.020 --> 44:41.780

								She has stepped in front of Craig Particopper


								44:43.260 --> 44:46.860

								She's been on stage with Robert Malone in Sweden


								44:48.060 --> 44:50.300

								When the pandemic was still hot and heavy


								44:51.260 --> 44:53.460

								This guy has been the lawyer of


								44:54.260 --> 44:55.540

								Andrew Huff


								44:55.540 --> 45:03.420

								The guy who says that he shot over a hundred and fifty rounds into the woods of of the upper Michigan forest surrounding his house


								45:03.660 --> 45:05.660

								While he was combating the state police


								45:11.140 --> 45:17.980

								And now we're supposed to believe that this is this is the these are the people on the white horses that are coming to our rescue


								45:21.300 --> 45:25.580

								Please we can't possibly take this seriously


								45:26.620 --> 45:29.540

								This isn't even Fox News level serious


								45:31.220 --> 45:36.100

								And and to give it airtime or to think that oh we got to get their attention


								45:36.900 --> 45:45.420

								That's playing right into the game even if even if this man in the middle isn't sophisticated enough to know he's being played


								45:45.420 --> 45:47.420

								I assure you that


								45:47.540 --> 45:49.540

								This is a play


								45:50.300 --> 45:53.140

								And it is a play that that was


								45:53.660 --> 45:58.340

								Either put in place very early ready to go or already


								45:58.860 --> 46:04.260

								Ready to go and then some like they were this was always where we were gonna be but I don't think that's the case


								46:04.580 --> 46:11.420

								But these are always the people these were always the people that were gonna be on the stage that there's no question about it


								46:12.060 --> 46:15.340

								Brett Weinstein was always gonna be on the stage. I


								46:15.900 --> 46:17.900

								I


								46:17.900 --> 46:21.980

								Think Robert Malone was likely always gonna be on the stage. I think


								46:22.620 --> 46:24.620

								Steve Kirsch maybe was


								46:25.660 --> 46:27.500

								Very early on


								46:27.500 --> 46:32.740

								Not gonna be but wanted to be and got on the stage. I think there's a lot of people that


								46:33.940 --> 46:38.940

								Were kind of reluctant at first didn't think that we would be where we are at this stage


								46:39.220 --> 46:41.220

								Who are on the stage reluctantly?


								46:41.460 --> 46:44.700

								Once you sign the page, you can't get off. It's a national security


								46:45.620 --> 46:47.060

								operation and


								46:47.060 --> 46:54.420

								So now remember if this is the controlled demolition of America that it makes perfect sense that many of these people would be involved


								46:54.420 --> 46:56.420

								most of them being privately


								46:56.940 --> 47:05.100

								rich privately okay with the collapse of America privately okay with the gross over inflation of the dollar and


								47:08.020 --> 47:10.020

								That's the point here is


								47:10.260 --> 47:18.180

								That the people who are rising over the last four years the people who get censored and then get on tucker and complain about it are all


								47:18.660 --> 47:20.500

								independently wealthy


								47:20.500 --> 47:26.380

								Already intimately connected to the very machine that none of us have ever gotten anything from


								47:27.740 --> 47:34.300

								None of us have ever sold the company none of us have had multiple consulting companies that worked with the DoD Ditra


								47:34.540 --> 47:37.580

								none of us have ever sat on on on


								47:37.980 --> 47:42.380

								DARPA grant committees to evaluate DARPA proposals


								47:43.180 --> 47:46.060

								none of us have ever gotten the benefit of


								47:47.540 --> 47:49.540

								taxpayer-funded data


								47:49.580 --> 47:52.780

								From your university to start a company and then sell it


								47:56.060 --> 47:58.060

								But all of these people have


								48:00.260 --> 48:02.260

								All of these people have a book


								48:08.340 --> 48:14.780

								What we're dealing with here is a controlled operation to make sure that you stay focused on


								48:16.140 --> 48:22.660

								Something that will not prevent the controlled demolition of America will not prevent us from coming together


								48:22.660 --> 48:31.140

								But we'll instead keep us fighting about things like where the virus came from or what killed people or whether viruses exist at all


								48:38.300 --> 48:40.900

								There is no way that it is random


								48:42.660 --> 48:46.940

								That soaf was on Alex Jones three times in


								48:47.500 --> 48:52.220

								2019 and now we are listening to her mom for three years as


								48:52.980 --> 48:54.780

								part of the


								48:54.780 --> 48:56.140

								alternative


								48:56.140 --> 49:03.100

								COVID narrative that involves a novel virus that killed millions of people that millions more were saved from


								49:04.100 --> 49:07.940

								That was definitely gained a function or a toxin that was


								49:08.500 --> 49:12.460

								sprayed on the world by the United States Department of Defense


								49:14.140 --> 49:16.140

								Which was a great way to


								49:16.740 --> 49:18.740

								implode America in a way that


								49:19.780 --> 49:24.900

								Turns everybody on everybody else. It doesn't realize that the military is a victim of this too


								49:25.580 --> 49:27.300

								the average


								49:27.300 --> 49:32.340

								Serving soldier is a victim of this too. They have to follow orders


								49:32.340 --> 49:34.340

								It's the people above


								49:34.660 --> 49:41.260

								Lieutenant Colonel now those are the people we need to be holding to account. Those are the people who put the mandate out


								49:41.940 --> 49:43.940

								Who gave the orders down the chain?


								49:44.940 --> 49:50.140

								The people at the bottom of the chain cannot be blamed for taking the orders or following them


								49:50.460 --> 49:55.980

								They are victims of this as well and yet. Who does she want us to blame the Department of Defense?


								49:55.980 --> 50:06.780

								Without any more specificity than that without any more chain of command to the Department of Human Health and Human Services for the


								50:07.740 --> 50:10.940

								Department of Homeland Security for DITRA


								50:11.860 --> 50:13.860

								Nothing's State Department. What's that?


								50:17.340 --> 50:24.420

								And this guy as I said is not a legal scholar is not some kind of courtroom killer


								50:26.900 --> 50:33.380

								This is a guy who is a very very very below average lawyer


								50:35.020 --> 50:37.020

								and


								50:37.020 --> 50:40.900

								He's probably in way over his head. He's probably not even a bad guy


								50:44.260 --> 50:46.100

								But people


								50:46.100 --> 50:47.460

								smarter than me


								50:47.460 --> 50:53.780

								Do not take him seriously and so the idea that either of these two take him seriously that either


								50:54.300 --> 50:57.860

								Dr. Drew or Sasha take him seriously it begs


								50:59.460 --> 51:04.420

								I'm I find it dubious. I find it dubious and and I don't think that


								51:07.300 --> 51:09.300

								Hey, I just don't


								51:11.620 --> 51:14.500

								I don't buy him. I don't buy him. I think that we are


								51:15.300 --> 51:20.740

								You need to be very pessimistic about the number of people. I mean look at how much fun she's having


								51:20.740 --> 51:25.660

								Americans were murdered ladies and gentlemen and


								51:27.300 --> 51:34.900

								Children are having needles forced upon them and adults over 50 are having needles coerced into them


								51:37.300 --> 51:39.780

								As we speak by this system


								51:41.860 --> 51:47.860

								And it is based on this mythology of a novel virus that is not being questioned here at all


								51:47.860 --> 51:50.740

								I can guarantee it. I mean they're looking how much fun


								51:51.540 --> 51:54.820

								it's so much fun to be on dr. Drew's show and


								51:56.500 --> 51:59.140

								Dr. Drew's weed is so good and


								52:00.060 --> 52:04.700

								Tom Ren's is doing the right thing. He wants to do the right thing. That's all possible. I guess


								52:08.060 --> 52:13.940

								But I just don't see it I do not see it if he is used he is used he is not


								52:18.340 --> 52:23.380

								I'm sorry, but I just I don't see it. I don't see it at all. It's unfortunate, but I just don't see it


								52:25.620 --> 52:27.620

								And i'm not going to subscribe to


								52:29.780 --> 52:33.940

								To dr. Drew. I don't think it'll get me in anyway. It's too late


								52:35.300 --> 52:38.740

								Uh, let's finish this. This is our work. This is our work


								52:38.740 --> 52:48.260

								We're up even up in here


								52:49.140 --> 52:51.140

								Rugs and this is the structure of it. It has these three rings


								52:51.860 --> 52:56.660

								And when karstin corth added one micromolar this amount he still saw these protease resistant bands


								52:57.140 --> 53:01.460

								This so the different the three bands are the ones with no sugars one sugar chain and two sugar chains


								53:01.460 --> 53:04.020

								They're showing a little better here. So two sugar chains one and none


								53:04.660 --> 53:06.500

								Or even up in here


								53:06.500 --> 53:11.460

								When he added five times as much chloropromacy and he couldn't see any and ten times as much he still couldn't see any as you would expect


								53:13.380 --> 53:15.940

								And when he had done the first experiments and showed them to me


								53:15.940 --> 53:20.500

								I said go back and look at some of these other psychoactive drugs like how apparel which doesn't do anything in similar concentrations


								53:21.060 --> 53:28.180

								And he did that now keep in mind what he's talking about here now. He's talking about chemicals that have anti-psychotic


								53:29.780 --> 53:33.380

								Properties that are used to treat dementia


								53:33.380 --> 53:37.300

								Demented people


								53:38.580 --> 53:43.780

								Which is the joke he made at the beginning of the talk that you can go back and see in the previous episode


								53:45.540 --> 53:53.620

								Think about that for a minute because now he's testing whether or not these compounds have any effect on the presence of or the degradation of


								53:54.180 --> 53:57.940

								The prion protein which is a really weird thing to test


								54:00.260 --> 54:02.260

								And he looked at many of them as you see on this chart


								54:03.460 --> 54:07.620

								And then I said to him karsten why in the world did you come with me to show me the first experiments?


								54:08.180 --> 54:10.580

								And what the background of karsten corth was that he


								54:11.300 --> 54:16.580

								In his late 30s had done a psychiatry residency and decided he wanted to go into molecular biology and began to work with a former postdoctoral fellow of mine


								54:16.580 --> 54:23.860

								Bruno ersh in Zurich and when Bruno left the university of Zurich to start a biotech company karsten wanted to stay in academic medicine and came here


								54:24.500 --> 54:29.940

								And I had been telling karsten for about a year and a half that he should solve one of the major problems of psychiatry like schizophrenia or bipolar disorders or autism


								54:30.820 --> 54:33.620

								And he looked at me and he said to answer my question


								54:33.620 --> 54:34.660

								Why did you do these experiments?


								54:34.660 --> 54:37.940

								And he said well you've been telling me to connect my work on prions with psychiatry for two years now


								54:37.940 --> 54:40.580

								And so I threw in chlorpromazine or thorazine into the culture


								54:40.980 --> 54:47.380

								Well the karsten's credit he went back and began to look at the literature in detail and all of this really begins with the German dye industry in


								54:47.380 --> 54:53.220

								Paul Erlich in 1891 who was using methylene blue as a weak anti-malarial substance and then through this pathway eventually these


								54:53.620 --> 54:56.780

								These more potent anti-malarials were synthesized and chlorpromazine


								54:56.860 --> 55:02.540

								Which really had marked anti-psychotic effects and chlorpromazine was the first drug to begin to empty out the insane asylums throughout the world


								55:04.460 --> 55:06.940

								In the 1930s the Germans synthesized


								55:07.460 --> 55:10.620

								Quinecrin and this turned out to be a potent anti-malarial drug


								55:10.620 --> 55:12.380

								But it had many more side effects than quinine


								55:12.380 --> 55:16.660

								But there wasn't enough quinine for use in World War two because it's extracted from the bark of the jacona tree


								55:16.660 --> 55:20.660

								And there wasn't a chemist in the world who was smart enough to figure out the structure and then how to synthesize it


								55:20.900 --> 55:24.380

								Until Robert Woodward did this at Harvard in the late 1940s


								55:25.300 --> 55:30.900

								So quininecrin was given to thousand I should say three million young Americans in World War two


								55:30.900 --> 55:32.900

								So we know a lot about quininecrin pharmacology


								55:32.900 --> 55:37.660

								And what karsten corth found was that quininecrin was ten times more potent than chlorpromazine


								55:38.660 --> 55:41.660

								So each so instead of this being a ten not being a five


								55:41.660 --> 55:44.900

								That's a one and point five and point one and the structure is very similar


								55:46.340 --> 55:51.300

								And when karsten corth treated these cultures for six days if he added enough chlorpromazine


								55:51.380 --> 55:57.220

								He found that there was no return of these protease resistant bands. This is this is the band as I said before that has two sugar chains one and none


								56:00.460 --> 56:05.900

								And because quininecrin has a 70-year history of the treatment of parasitic diseases the toxicities are well documented


								56:05.980 --> 56:10.780

								Bruce Miller and Michael Geshwin and I and a number of other people have been involved in this in the School of Pharmacy here


								56:12.500 --> 56:15.300

								We applied for an IND a new drug


								56:16.100 --> 56:21.860

								Investigation license from the FDA and we were able to skip what are called phases one and two of these typical clinical trials which amount to


								56:22.780 --> 56:28.260

								Tens of millions of dollars normally and we began to load patients with one gram followed by 300 milligrams daily


								56:28.260 --> 56:32.260

								And in a minority of patients what we've seen we believe and it's not just us


								56:32.260 --> 56:34.700

								It's many neurologists who are in contact with us throughout the world


								56:34.700 --> 56:40.420

								But we've not seen all these patients because we're hoping that we will get an NIH study funded over the next four or five months


								56:40.420 --> 56:44.980

								And that this study will provide us the funding we need to really look at all the patients throughout the world who are on quininecrin


								56:45.340 --> 56:50.580

								But it's our impression in that of a number of other neurologists that in a minority of CJD patients the disease is slowed by quininecrin


								56:50.580 --> 56:54.140

								And in a few CJD patients with quininecrin who have died later


								56:54.140 --> 56:59.780

								Steve Diarmidus found that there are lower levels of PRP scraping they seem to be reduced to almost zero


								57:00.580 --> 57:03.980

								Compared to what is generally found now the problem is that we have so few patients in this group


								57:04.300 --> 57:09.300

								We've been able to obtain these autopsies that we just don't know at this point the second issue is that


								57:10.180 --> 57:12.100

								In addition to not knowing


								57:12.140 --> 57:17.140

								There are some patients where we even have more doubts. These are the patients who get dramatically better on quininecrin and those patients


								57:17.140 --> 57:19.420

								I think it's good scientists. We're not even sure that they have CJD


								57:21.260 --> 57:24.500

								So we need a much more controlled study we don't want to fool ourselves


								57:25.020 --> 57:29.180

								Because you can't know that they have CJD until after they die, right?


								57:29.180 --> 57:32.540

								So that's a really actually very nice admission


								57:32.540 --> 57:35.580

								So what I've been telling you tonight is that sporadic and infectious forms of these diseases


								57:35.580 --> 57:38.980

								It's the wild type or normal form of PRPC that's converted into PRP scraping


								57:39.020 --> 57:44.580

								So this is an infectious form of the disease that's transmission from an animal to a man or from man-to-man or animal to animal


								57:44.580 --> 57:48.300

								In the sporadic form of the disease accounts for 90 85 to 90 percent of all cases


								57:48.300 --> 57:51.940

								We think it's a spontaneous conversion of PRPC into PRP scraping or as I told you before


								57:51.940 --> 57:56.420

								This is a kinetic race and that there are small amounts of PRP scraping all of us that are normally cleared


								57:56.420 --> 57:58.260

								So he has two models


								57:58.260 --> 58:05.660

								One is that it just misfolds and then you're screwed and the other one is is that it's always misfolding and it's a race to get rid of the degradation


								58:06.100 --> 58:08.100

								And are they gonna test it?


								58:08.220 --> 58:13.780

								Are they gonna use that to make any predictions either one of those models make any predictions that are testable?


								58:13.780 --> 58:19.660

								Are you just gonna leave it sit right there? Those are two very very mutually exclusive


								58:22.980 --> 58:29.060

								Powerful models they make very powerful predictions about how this should or should not work


								58:29.900 --> 58:31.900

								It's very bizarre


								58:31.980 --> 58:36.060

								In the inherited forms of these diseases, it's a germline mutation passed from parental offspring


								58:37.820 --> 58:42.940

								There are a whole series of new ideas that have come out of this the fact that that prions are infectious proteins is totally new


								58:42.940 --> 58:49.340

								This is unlike all other infectious agents prions cause brain degeneration. They cause sporadic genetic and infectious forms of these diseases


								58:49.340 --> 58:52.980

								There's no other disease paradigm in which you have both genetic and infectious diseases


								58:53.500 --> 58:58.740

								And prions are the most well understood among all the neurodegenerative diseases which include of course Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease


								58:58.900 --> 59:06.580

								So he's saying that they actually understand prion diseases better than the others understand Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Wow


								59:06.580 --> 59:08.580

								I mean wow


								59:09.140 --> 59:13.340

								That's impressive because I don't think I'm convinced not from this talk


								59:14.020 --> 59:20.980

								I'm not convinced that prions are infectious proteins yet. I'm not convinced that they cause brain degeneration


								59:20.980 --> 59:25.420

								I think they they can trigger it, but they don't do it


								59:26.300 --> 59:31.980

								Prions cause sporadic genetic and infectious diseases and humans and animals we think


								59:32.300 --> 59:36.620

								It's a hypothesis that has definitely not been proven as far as I can tell


								59:36.940 --> 59:43.820

								Not if you have to inject it into the brain of the animal and they don't do it by ingestion because all of the things that we see


								59:44.380 --> 59:50.580

								With kuru is ingestion with with the cattle was feeding cattle other cattle even said it


								59:51.460 --> 59:53.460

								Shh


								59:54.340 --> 59:57.100

								There are many thousands of times more common than the prion diseases


								59:57.700 --> 01:00:01.100

								Now it's the discovery of prions in many other new findings which allows us now


								01:00:01.100 --> 01:00:04.700

								I think to define neurodegenerative diseases in terms of their cause not the effect


								01:00:05.060 --> 01:00:10.860

								So we can I think we all most people would agree now that degenerative diseases of the nervous system are disorders of a parent protein processing


								01:00:10.860 --> 01:00:16.740

								Wow, so I think most people would agree that is that an illusion of consensus to you or is am I what?


								01:00:16.740 --> 01:00:23.180

								Wow, that is spectacular the proteins are being processed abnormally


								01:00:24.260 --> 01:00:26.820

								They give you a little idea of the numbers of cases in the United


								01:00:26.820 --> 01:00:29.020

								So we have 400 cases of prion disease annually in the US


								01:00:29.020 --> 01:00:35.300

								But there are four million people without Alzheimer's disease about a million with Parkinson's disease and about 20,000 with ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease


								01:00:36.100 --> 01:00:38.100

								So these are huge numbers


								01:00:38.740 --> 01:00:44.380

								Good night, Jeff. No, there are many many similarities between these diseases what we see are these abnormal protein deposits


								01:00:44.380 --> 01:00:47.260

								I showed you PRP scraping in the brain and I showed you these PRP amyloid plaques


								01:00:47.380 --> 01:00:51.980

								Well, the brains look very similar if we're not using if we use antibodies, but with these are different proteins now


								01:00:51.980 --> 01:00:53.900

								But the structures look very similar in Alzheimer's disease


								01:00:54.260 --> 01:00:56.580

								There's slightly different in Parkinson's disease and ALS


								01:00:56.780 --> 01:00:58.780

								But what's so interesting about all of these is that?


								01:00:59.260 --> 01:01:06.220

								The mutations in the genes that we find in familial forms of the disease encode the proteins that are found in these protein deposits


								01:01:06.220 --> 01:01:08.220

								Except here. This is less clear with ALS


								01:01:09.220 --> 01:01:15.020

								So the accumulation of misprocessed proteins causes the nervous system malfunction resulting in problems such as dementia


								01:01:15.020 --> 01:01:18.100

								We're back to this word Alan difficulty moving and weakness and


								01:01:19.140 --> 01:01:25.340

								Preventing the accumulation of you know, I'm in theory all down with that because one of the reasons why he says is because


								01:01:25.940 --> 01:01:31.980

								The protein plaques form and then also a lot of times that same protein has some mutation


								01:01:32.540 --> 01:01:37.700

								Which seems to sort with these familial disorders and to the extent to which that's true


								01:01:38.140 --> 01:01:44.620

								That could be useful. But again, remember that's not true with amyloid anymore. They don't think that's the case anymore


								01:01:45.020 --> 01:01:50.180

								They went crazy on it, but then they found out one of these papers wasn't right


								01:01:51.180 --> 01:01:57.020

								And so that just recently happened, right? Maybe we should all look into that a little bit so we understand exactly


								01:01:57.900 --> 01:02:05.420

								How much of this, you know, amyloid disease amyloid beta is is amyl is Alzheimer's disease is true or not a


								01:02:07.020 --> 01:02:15.460

								Lot of these are also just their observations of correlation. Yes, they're there, but are they present? Are they responsible? Are they?


								01:02:16.540 --> 01:02:19.020

								Downstream consequences of whatever's going on here


								01:02:19.020 --> 01:02:22.980

								I don't think we understand these as well as he's in these protein deposits, but I agree


								01:02:22.980 --> 01:02:28.860

								I still agree that it has to do with these proteins perhaps misfolding. That's okay with me, but again


								01:02:30.500 --> 01:02:36.180

								Pre-on proteins are we're supposed to be told that well, you know, you can engineer a spike protein it can have


								01:02:37.060 --> 01:02:39.220

								pre-onogenic sequences and that


								01:02:39.740 --> 01:02:47.820

								This kind of thing can happen now. That's not the same as this. These are very specific proteins that again, we have not


								01:02:47.820 --> 01:02:56.780

								Just because that sequence is different have we demonstrated that those are the so that's all all this work needs to be done


								01:02:56.780 --> 01:02:58.780

								It's less clear with ALS


								01:03:00.140 --> 01:03:05.180

								So the accumulation of misprocessed proteins causes the nervous system malfunction resulting in problems such as dementia


								01:03:05.180 --> 01:03:08.180

								We're back to this word on difficulty moving and weakness and


								01:03:09.300 --> 01:03:15.620

								Preventing the accumulation of these misprocessing protein provide proteins provides I think for the first time a rational approach to treating degenerative diseases


								01:03:15.620 --> 01:03:24.100

								Yes, so and and so we've done lots of things to get rid of the amyloid beta to get rid of these plaques and it doesn't help these people


								01:03:25.980 --> 01:03:27.820

								It oftentimes makes it worse


								01:03:27.820 --> 01:03:33.700

								It's not clear that this is the way to go and the only way to do that is with an immune response of course, which is again


								01:03:34.500 --> 01:03:37.220

								Something we're not prepared to augment nervous system


								01:03:38.780 --> 01:03:40.780

								There's a little summary of CJD


								01:03:41.660 --> 01:03:46.300

								And what went on as I told you I my introduction to this was a patient in 1972 here at UCSF


								01:03:46.300 --> 01:03:52.780

								And that it was 1921 when six patients were described and this disease was thrown into a waste basket a degenerative disorders of a nervous system


								01:03:52.980 --> 01:03:58.380

								But it came out of the waste basket in 1968 when Carlton Gajasek and Joe Gibbs working at the NIH along with a number of collaborators


								01:03:58.580 --> 01:04:01.020

								Transmitted the disease into apes and later into monkeys


								01:04:03.180 --> 01:04:06.380

								Preons and how did they do that they injected it directly in the brain?


								01:04:06.380 --> 01:04:13.020

								I imagine like, you know some preparation unlike all other infectious pathogens viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi, parasites


								01:04:13.020 --> 01:04:17.220

								All of which multiply by having an RNA or DNA genome direct the synthesis


								01:04:17.420 --> 01:04:23.960

								Interesting that they don't say anything about phage here even though that's one of the most common forms of viruses not one


								01:04:24.820 --> 01:04:31.220

								No mention of bacteriophage here at all. That is a gigantic red flag


								01:04:32.220 --> 01:04:39.220

								No mention of bacteriophage here at all. Why would I care about bacteriophage? Well, let's see. Let's get out of this


								01:04:40.220 --> 01:04:42.220

								And let's go back to the beginning


								01:04:43.220 --> 01:04:45.220

								Let's take a look at this


								01:04:46.220 --> 01:04:48.220

								And current slide just to give you


								01:04:50.220 --> 01:04:52.220

								An example of what's going on here


								01:04:52.220 --> 01:04:59.220

								There's a bacteriophage right there on the third live podcast at the beginning of the pandemic of the Dark Horse podcast


								01:04:59.220 --> 01:05:04.220

								with Brett Bandana and glasses himself


								01:05:05.220 --> 01:05:07.220

								And right there


								01:05:07.220 --> 01:05:13.220

								Conspicuously at the front of the podcast is a coffee cup with a bacteriophage on it


								01:05:13.220 --> 01:05:20.220

								Isn't that weird because it doesn't seem like he really doesn't think that bacteriophages are actually a thing


								01:05:20.220 --> 01:05:26.220

								Phages are maybe he goofs it in with the viruses, but that would be very disingenuous because


								01:05:26.220 --> 01:05:28.220

								Phages are everywhere


								01:05:30.220 --> 01:05:37.220

								Even the no virus people even the no virus people acknowledge that bacteriophages exist isn't that cool


								01:05:37.220 --> 01:05:41.220

								Isn't that funny and he doesn't exogenous at all


								01:05:41.220 --> 01:05:46.220

								Strange the progeny pathogens. It's only prions which contain only a protein


								01:05:46.220 --> 01:05:50.220

								And they co-opt a normal form of that protein to produce more of the misfolded form


								01:05:50.220 --> 01:05:52.220

								PRP scraping


								01:05:52.220 --> 01:05:55.220

								Now all of this like what I'm telling you seem like science fiction to a lot of people


								01:05:56.220 --> 01:05:58.220

								And about seven or eight years ago


								01:05:58.220 --> 01:06:02.220

								I was a meeting in New Mexico and I was hearing everything that I was been saying


								01:06:02.220 --> 01:06:04.220

								But it was being said by somebody else


								01:06:04.220 --> 01:06:08.220

								And I looked at a good friend of mine, Hilary Keprowski, and I said Hilary this is really unbelievable


								01:06:08.220 --> 01:06:11.220

								This guy even thinks he'd found all of this and Hilary said


								01:06:11.220 --> 01:06:15.220

								I'm sorry, what did you just what excuse me what? Holy shit, what?


								01:06:15.220 --> 01:06:18.220

								Did you hear that Mark?


								01:06:18.220 --> 01:06:20.220

								Mark?


								01:06:20.220 --> 01:06:23.220

								Did you hear what he just said?


								01:06:23.220 --> 01:06:25.220

								Holy shit balls


								01:06:25.220 --> 01:06:28.220

								I mean this is red alert time


								01:06:28.220 --> 01:06:31.220

								And Hilary Keprowski and I said Hilary this is really unbelievable


								01:06:31.220 --> 01:06:32.220

								What?


								01:06:32.220 --> 01:06:34.220

								Seriously what?


								01:06:34.220 --> 01:06:35.220

								Here we go


								01:06:35.220 --> 01:06:37.220

								And I was hearing everything that I had been saying


								01:06:37.220 --> 01:06:39.220

								But it was being said by somebody else


								01:06:39.220 --> 01:06:42.220

								And I looked at a good friend of mine, Hilary Keprowski, and I said


								01:06:42.220 --> 01:06:44.220

								Hilary this is really unbelievable


								01:06:44.220 --> 01:06:45.220

								What?


								01:06:45.220 --> 01:06:47.220

								Seriously what?


								01:06:47.220 --> 01:06:48.220

								Here we go


								01:06:48.220 --> 01:06:50.220

								And I was hearing everything that I had been saying


								01:06:50.220 --> 01:06:52.220

								But it was being said by somebody else


								01:06:52.220 --> 01:06:54.220

								Hilary


								01:06:54.220 --> 01:06:57.220

								My good friend Hilary Keprowski


								01:06:59.220 --> 01:07:03.220

								Mark Coolax got some information and stories and connections


								01:07:03.220 --> 01:07:05.220

								Hilary Keprowski


								01:07:05.220 --> 01:07:07.220

								Stanley Plotkin


								01:07:09.220 --> 01:07:12.220

								This goes back right to the


								01:07:12.220 --> 01:07:17.220

								I mean all these people, Gallo, they're all in the same little group of white haired men or whatever


								01:07:17.220 --> 01:07:19.220

								It's absolutely incredible


								01:07:19.220 --> 01:07:21.220

								And all of this


								01:07:21.220 --> 01:07:23.220

								And Hilary said I've got a slide for you, I'll send it to you


								01:07:23.220 --> 01:07:26.220

								So he sent me this slide about the four stages of adopting a new idea


								01:07:26.220 --> 01:07:27.220

								The reaction at first is it's impossible


								01:07:27.220 --> 01:07:30.220

								Second, maybe it's possible but it's weak and uninteresting


								01:07:30.220 --> 01:07:31.220

								Third, it's true and I told you so


								01:07:31.220 --> 01:07:33.220

								And the fourth one you can read


								01:07:33.220 --> 01:07:35.220

								Now there's another way of thinking about this


								01:07:35.220 --> 01:07:39.220

								And Lou Thomas, who was the director at Sloan Kettering in New York for many years


								01:07:39.220 --> 01:07:40.220

								was also


								01:07:40.220 --> 01:07:44.220

								Now he's quoting a director from Sloan Kettering


								01:07:44.220 --> 01:07:47.220

								Are you giving me, is this a joke?


								01:07:48.220 --> 01:07:52.220

								I mean what is happening here is this some kind of Christmas gift


								01:07:52.220 --> 01:07:55.220

								I never thought I would get to open what's going on


								01:07:55.220 --> 01:07:57.220

								There's another way of thinking about this


								01:07:57.220 --> 01:08:00.220

								And Lou Thomas, who was the director at Sloan Kettering in New York for many years


								01:08:00.220 --> 01:08:02.220

								was also a brilliant writer


								01:08:02.220 --> 01:08:06.220

								And in a book called Lives of the Cell in 1974 he wrote an essay about research


								01:08:06.220 --> 01:08:08.220

								And these are a couple paragraphs


								01:08:08.220 --> 01:08:11.220

								Somehow the atmosphere has to be set so that a disquieting sense of being wrong


								01:08:11.220 --> 01:08:13.220

								is the normal attitude of the investigators


								01:08:13.220 --> 01:08:15.220

								It has to be taken for granted that the only way in is by writing the


								01:08:15.220 --> 01:08:17.220

								unencumbered human imagination


								01:08:17.220 --> 01:08:20.220

								With a special rigor required for recognizing that something can be highly improbable


								01:08:20.220 --> 01:08:23.220

								May be almost impossible and at the same time true


								01:08:23.220 --> 01:08:26.220

								Locally, a good way to tell how the work is going is to listen in the corridors


								01:08:26.220 --> 01:08:29.220

								If you hear the word impossible, spoken with an expletive, followed by laughter


								01:08:29.220 --> 01:08:32.220

								You will know somebody's orderly research plan is coming along nicely


								01:08:32.220 --> 01:08:34.220

								Now that's a lot of words


								01:08:34.220 --> 01:08:37.220

								And if you're Winston Churchill you can describe all this in many fewer words


								01:08:37.220 --> 01:08:39.220

								This is 1936 in the House of Parliament


								01:08:39.220 --> 01:08:42.220

								He's talking about Hitler and evaluating the Rhineland


								01:08:42.220 --> 01:08:44.220

								And he says to Stanley Baldwin in the House of Commons


								01:08:44.220 --> 01:08:46.220

								Men occasionally stumble across the truth


								01:08:46.220 --> 01:08:48.220

								But most pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened


								01:08:48.220 --> 01:08:50.220

								And with that I'll end, thank you


								01:08:50.220 --> 01:08:54.220

								So the question is do prions trigger the immune system?


								01:08:54.220 --> 01:08:55.220

								And the answer is no


								01:08:55.220 --> 01:08:59.220

								And the reason that we think that they don't is that PRPC is present in all of us


								01:08:59.220 --> 01:09:05.220

								And we are tolerant to antibodies and also to immune cells that specifically recognize PRPC


								01:09:05.220 --> 01:09:07.220

								And there are very few regions on PRPC


								01:09:07.220 --> 01:09:10.220

								In fact we've not been able to identify any looking for more than ten years now


								01:09:10.220 --> 01:09:13.220

								That are present on PRPC to which antibodies are formed


								01:09:13.220 --> 01:09:15.220

								That are not present on PRPC


								01:09:15.220 --> 01:09:18.220

								We found others, as I told you about before, where a region is exposed on PRPC


								01:09:18.220 --> 01:09:20.220

								But now becomes buried in PRPC


								01:09:20.220 --> 01:09:22.220

								But that doesn't generate a new antigenic region


								01:09:22.220 --> 01:09:25.220

								Wow, think about how much of a claim that is


								01:09:25.220 --> 01:09:28.220

								That goes against everything that we know about the immune system


								01:09:28.220 --> 01:09:34.220

								That it can't make antibodies specific for prion protein scrappy


								01:09:34.220 --> 01:09:37.220

								It can only make antibodies that recognize both


								01:09:37.220 --> 01:09:41.220

								It can make antibodies that don't recognize prion scrappy


								01:09:41.220 --> 01:09:42.220

								But they don't


								01:09:42.220 --> 01:09:45.220

								That's an incredible claim, that is an abs


								01:09:45.220 --> 01:09:48.220

								And you heard me ask that question earlier in the talk


								01:09:48.220 --> 01:09:51.220

								Like why don't they make antibodies that I think I asked that in the first half


								01:09:51.220 --> 01:09:53.220

								Holy cow


								01:09:53.220 --> 01:09:54.220

								There can be an immune response


								01:09:54.220 --> 01:09:57.220

								And in fact a tremendous step forward in making all of these antibodies


								01:09:57.220 --> 01:10:01.220

								Was created when a collaborative study that we were involved in


								01:10:01.220 --> 01:10:03.220

								With Charles Weissman and Zurich produced knockout mice


								01:10:03.220 --> 01:10:06.220

								In which the prion protein gene of a mouse could be knocked out


								01:10:06.220 --> 01:10:08.220

								These mice are totally resistant to prion disease


								01:10:08.220 --> 01:10:10.220

								And when we immunize these mice


								01:10:10.220 --> 01:10:16.220

								So what does the prion protein do if you can knock the protein out and the mouse is fine?


								01:10:16.220 --> 01:10:19.220

								Because that's not true for very many proteins


								01:10:19.220 --> 01:10:22.220

								Strange, huh?


								01:10:22.220 --> 01:10:25.220

								With the prion protein they form huge numbers of antibodies


								01:10:25.220 --> 01:10:29.220

								In contrast to normal mice which form very few or no antibodies


								01:10:29.220 --> 01:10:32.220

								And if I'm no antibodies, if it's a mouse prion protein


								01:10:32.220 --> 01:10:34.220

								Are you hearing this shit?


								01:10:34.220 --> 01:10:38.220

								He's telling you that when that animal doesn't have that gene


								01:10:38.220 --> 01:10:41.220

								That they produce more antibodies to the prion protein


								01:10:41.220 --> 01:10:46.220

								Which makes them un-susceptible to the prion protein


								01:10:49.220 --> 01:10:53.220

								He's telling you that antibodies play a role in


								01:10:58.220 --> 01:11:01.220

								But they've been unable to generate antibodies to the prion protein


								01:11:01.220 --> 01:11:03.220

								That's specific for the prion protein


								01:11:03.220 --> 01:11:08.220

								They're just generating antibodies to the endogenous epitopes


								01:11:08.220 --> 01:11:11.220

								That are exposed in the endogenous form


								01:11:11.220 --> 01:11:14.220

								Do you see the hand waving is extraordinary?


								01:11:14.220 --> 01:11:19.220

								I do not believe the papers support these as being firm conclusions


								01:11:19.220 --> 01:11:25.220

								But it's extraordinary the kind of exceptional biology


								01:11:25.220 --> 01:11:28.220

								The number of exceptions that we need to make


								01:11:28.220 --> 01:11:31.220

								In order for this to be true


								01:11:35.220 --> 01:11:37.220

								Now is these mice with the prion protein


								01:11:37.220 --> 01:11:39.220

								They form huge numbers of antibodies


								01:11:39.220 --> 01:11:42.220

								In contrast to normal mice which form very few or no antibodies


								01:11:42.220 --> 01:11:46.220

								That is a absolute


								01:11:46.220 --> 01:11:48.220

								It's a mouse model of the disease


								01:11:48.220 --> 01:11:51.220

								That he's saying that if you don't have the prion protein


								01:11:51.220 --> 01:11:54.220

								Then you can make antibodies to the scraping protein


								01:11:54.220 --> 01:11:56.220

								And then you won't get it


								01:11:56.220 --> 01:12:00.220

								And so one of the reasons and the way to understand


								01:12:00.220 --> 01:12:04.220

								That this works is that we could respond to you here


								01:12:04.220 --> 01:12:06.220

								Wait, it's coming, you see


								01:12:06.220 --> 01:12:10.220

								They're going to treat prion disease with antibodies


								01:12:10.220 --> 01:12:12.220

								That's what he's proposing here


								01:12:12.220 --> 01:12:15.220

								And that we should use money and grant proposals


								01:12:15.220 --> 01:12:19.220

								To find the antibodies which we could use to fight prion disease


								01:12:19.220 --> 01:12:21.220

								Antibodies, you know antibodies


								01:12:21.220 --> 01:12:24.220

								The things that they fight all these other diseases with


								01:12:24.220 --> 01:12:28.220

								That they want to produce as the perfect


								01:12:28.220 --> 01:12:32.220

								Inject it in your soldiers and your immune for 30 days


								01:12:32.220 --> 01:12:35.220

								Kind of thing, it's a little cludgy but it works


								01:12:35.220 --> 01:12:38.220

								And if I'm no antibodies if it's a mouse prion protein


								01:12:38.220 --> 01:12:40.220

								If it's a human they might form one


								01:12:40.220 --> 01:12:41.220

								So the immune system


								01:12:41.220 --> 01:12:45.220

								So they could easily use an mRNA to generate the prion antibodies


								01:12:45.220 --> 01:12:48.220

								That they say are found in this mouse


								01:12:48.220 --> 01:12:51.220

								But aren't found in any animals that have the prion protein


								01:12:51.220 --> 01:12:53.220

								Then it would be a cell protein


								01:12:53.220 --> 01:12:55.220

								So, wow!


								01:12:55.220 --> 01:12:57.220

								Quiet in these diseases


								01:12:57.220 --> 01:13:00.220

								Well, alright, so the question is very technical


								01:13:00.220 --> 01:13:03.220

								Is the normal form of the prion protein the kinetic product


								01:13:03.220 --> 01:13:05.220

								Or a kinetically trapped molecule and that


								01:13:05.220 --> 01:13:09.220

								This scraping form is a thermodynamically more stable protein


								01:13:09.220 --> 01:13:12.220

								And the answer is probably yes, but we're not sure


								01:13:12.220 --> 01:13:16.220

								So the normal form of the prion protein is on the surface


								01:13:16.220 --> 01:13:19.220

								And that's where it's converted into PRP scraping


								01:13:19.220 --> 01:13:21.220

								And how much of it remains there we don't know


								01:13:21.220 --> 01:13:24.220

								In some experiments by Stevie Arman where he fractionates these cells


								01:13:24.220 --> 01:13:27.220

								So he grinds them up and looks for the membrane fraction that's found on the surface


								01:13:27.220 --> 01:13:30.220

								He finds as much as 60% of the scraping form


								01:13:30.220 --> 01:13:33.220

								The abnormal form is in the plasma membrane fraction


								01:13:33.220 --> 01:13:36.220

								Others suggest that it's much less than that, so I don't really know


								01:13:36.220 --> 01:13:38.220

								But he's probably right


								01:13:38.220 --> 01:13:40.220

								So the question is what is the mechanism of action of quinocrine?


								01:13:40.220 --> 01:13:43.220

								And how does it work on patients with CJD and new variants CJD?


								01:13:43.220 --> 01:13:44.220

								And the answer is we don't know


								01:13:44.220 --> 01:13:46.220

								Initially I thought what we should do is spend a lot of time


								01:13:46.220 --> 01:13:48.220

								Several years probably to track that down and understand it


								01:13:48.220 --> 01:13:50.220

								Before we would do anything further


								01:13:50.220 --> 01:13:52.220

								But when I realized that the concentrations were close


								01:13:52.220 --> 01:13:54.220

								Probably only off by a factor of 10 to 50


								01:13:54.220 --> 01:13:56.220

								From what an ideal drug would be


								01:13:56.220 --> 01:13:59.220

								We decided to spend a lot of effort starting giving this to people


								01:13:59.220 --> 01:14:03.220

								But we're also now slowly starting to investigate the mechanism of action


								01:14:03.220 --> 01:14:05.220

								I'm sure many other people are doing that too


								01:14:05.220 --> 01:14:10.220

								Alright, so TSE is a term called transmissible spongiform encephalopathy


								01:14:10.220 --> 01:14:13.220

								It's a term I don't particularly like, but maybe that's because other people use it all the time


								01:14:13.220 --> 01:14:16.220

								And the reason I don't like it is that many of these diseases


								01:14:16.220 --> 01:14:18.220

								There's very little spongiform change


								01:14:18.220 --> 01:14:22.220

								But this is a term that really refers to the diseases caused by prions specifically


								01:14:22.220 --> 01:14:26.220

								And the other neurodegenerative diseases are not classified as prion diseases


								01:14:26.220 --> 01:14:29.220

								Or as TSE diseases


								01:14:29.220 --> 01:14:31.220

								They're classified as neurodegenerative diseases


								01:14:31.220 --> 01:14:33.220

								For instance Alzheimer's disease is distinguished


								01:14:33.220 --> 01:14:36.220

								From the prion diseases by the fact that there's a different set of proteins that are involved


								01:14:36.220 --> 01:14:39.220

								And all attempts to really transmit the disease have failed so far


								01:14:39.220 --> 01:14:42.220

								That doesn't mean it won't be transmissible in the proper animal model


								01:14:42.220 --> 01:14:44.220

								But it's not transmissible in a natural setting


								01:14:45.220 --> 01:14:47.220

								See, they're trying to transmit it though


								01:14:47.220 --> 01:14:49.220

								Think about that for a second


								01:14:53.220 --> 01:14:56.220

								And why would they be doing that? Because they're testing this model


								01:14:56.220 --> 01:15:00.220

								Or they're trying to find examples that seem to indicate that this model would work


								01:15:00.220 --> 01:15:02.220

								How do they test it? They probably inject the shit


								01:15:02.220 --> 01:15:04.220

								It's crazy


								01:15:04.220 --> 01:15:08.220

								I don't know how the spongiform change comes about


								01:15:08.220 --> 01:15:11.220

								What we find is that the vacuals


								01:15:12.220 --> 01:15:14.220

								That the more prp scraper there is, the more vaculation there is


								01:15:14.220 --> 01:15:16.220

								So this is correlation between prp scrapers


								01:15:16.220 --> 01:15:18.220

								They want nothing to do with the immune system


								01:15:18.220 --> 01:15:20.220

								If they had anything to do with the immune system


								01:15:20.220 --> 01:15:23.220

								It's immediately a black box that they can't penetrate


								01:15:23.220 --> 01:15:25.220

								So they have to stay away from it


								01:15:25.220 --> 01:15:29.220

								How is the spongiform tissue phenotype formed?


								01:15:29.220 --> 01:15:31.220

								They don't know, of course it's the immune system


								01:15:31.220 --> 01:15:34.220

								Excuse me, prp scraped deposition and the vacuals that are formed


								01:15:34.220 --> 01:15:37.220

								But the mechanism by which the vacuals are formed, I don't understand


								01:15:37.220 --> 01:15:40.220

								Something happens to the signaling mechanisms in the cells


								01:15:40.220 --> 01:15:43.220

								And whether that happens because prp scrapes on the surface


								01:15:43.220 --> 01:15:48.220

								Or whether it's deep in the cell and it mucks up the signaling mechanisms


								01:15:48.220 --> 01:15:50.220

								I don't know, that's a very simplistic answer


								01:15:50.220 --> 01:15:52.220

								Who a very complicated question, but I can't answer it


								01:15:52.220 --> 01:15:55.220

								So the question is, what is the function of prp?


								01:15:55.220 --> 01:15:58.220

								We all have a gene for prp, we all make the protein, prpc


								01:15:58.220 --> 01:16:01.220

								And what is its function and the answer is we don't know its function


								01:16:01.220 --> 01:16:03.220

								And we don't know the function of its brother or sister, papal


								01:16:03.220 --> 01:16:05.220

								We just don't know


								01:16:06.220 --> 01:16:13.220

								No, so the question is, why is it that in Britain


								01:16:13.220 --> 01:16:16.220

								People with new variants CJD are in their teens and early 20s


								01:16:16.220 --> 01:16:18.220

								For the most part, and the answer is we don't have any idea


								01:16:18.220 --> 01:16:22.220

								For a long time I thought that this was really a clue to the fact that


								01:16:22.220 --> 01:16:25.220

								Disease was unconnected to the cows and that there was some other mechanism


								01:16:25.220 --> 01:16:29.220

								But I threw that idea away once we had all this transgenic mouse data


								01:16:29.220 --> 01:16:32.220

								And the answer is I don't have any idea why they're so young


								01:16:32.220 --> 01:16:33.220

								I just don't know


								01:16:33.220 --> 01:16:35.220

								One patient who's 70, another who's 50


								01:16:35.220 --> 01:16:37.220

								But the vast majority of these people are under 40


								01:16:39.220 --> 01:16:43.220

								So the first part of this question is, how did this all start in cows?


								01:16:43.220 --> 01:16:47.220

								And the second question is, how do prions make it through your brain from your gut?


								01:16:47.220 --> 01:16:50.220

								So how did prion disease start?


								01:16:50.220 --> 01:16:54.220

								And I think most people were reasonably well convinced that it began with sheep


								01:16:54.220 --> 01:16:57.220

								Because scrapes and stomach in Britain, it's been there for hundreds of years


								01:16:57.220 --> 01:17:00.220

								And it came from the sheep, but nobody knows the exact statistics


								01:17:00.220 --> 01:17:03.220

								People who are farmers tend to get rid of their animals when they're not doing well


								01:17:03.220 --> 01:17:06.220

								And the easiest way to get rid of them is to get them into the human food chain


								01:17:06.220 --> 01:17:09.220

								Not to burn them up, because they don't get any money for that


								01:17:09.220 --> 01:17:13.220

								So we don't know how many scrapes sheep enter the human food chain every year in Britain


								01:17:13.220 --> 01:17:15.220

								We have scrapes in the United States, too


								01:17:15.220 --> 01:17:18.220

								Then there was a huge inquiry which you can look up on the Internet


								01:17:18.220 --> 01:17:22.220

								If you have nothing better to do, there are 3,500 pages on this question of how to BSE start


								01:17:22.220 --> 01:17:28.220

								And what happened afterwards was an official inquiry that was created by Tony Blair


								01:17:28.220 --> 01:17:31.220

								And they only allowed the inquiry to go up to the day of his election


								01:17:31.220 --> 01:17:35.220

								So they could look at John Majors with severe eyes, but not at Tony Blair


								01:17:35.220 --> 01:17:39.220

								And that's what this does, it goes up to 1996, and it begins in the late 1970s


								01:17:39.220 --> 01:17:41.220

								In terms of questioning what happened


								01:17:41.220 --> 01:17:46.220

								And in that inquiry, you'll see that they think it began with a spontaneous or sporadic case of mad cow disease somewhere in southern England


								01:17:46.220 --> 01:17:49.220

								I don't think there's a lot of evidence for that, but that's what they hypothesized


								01:17:49.220 --> 01:17:52.220

								So prions are resisted to proteases, as I showed you, or enzyme digestion


								01:17:52.220 --> 01:17:54.220

								Which is what happens to proteins when they enter your gut


								01:17:54.220 --> 01:17:59.220

								If we take animals and we do a study, we find that we need about a billion times more prions


								01:17:59.220 --> 01:18:03.220

								When they're ingested, then if you put a needle in the head of the animal and inject them directly into the brain


								01:18:03.220 --> 01:18:06.220

								I thought it was one protein is all you needed, that's weird


								01:18:06.220 --> 01:18:12.220

								But nevertheless, if we give the animals enough, we give them a billion times more, orally, and they all get sick


								01:18:12.220 --> 01:18:14.220

								And so we presume the prions now cross the gut


								01:18:14.220 --> 01:18:17.220

								If we give them a billion times more, he said, that's hilarious


								01:18:17.220 --> 01:18:19.220

								Probably in the small intestine


								01:18:19.220 --> 01:18:24.220

								And that they multiply in lymphoid cells, and then they go through the brain


								01:18:24.220 --> 01:18:25.220

								Through the blood


								01:18:25.220 --> 01:18:28.220

								The other way we think they can make it to the brain is that they travel backwards


								01:18:28.220 --> 01:18:32.220

								Up the nerves of the gut, called the spinaic nerve bed, into the spinal cord


								01:18:32.220 --> 01:18:36.220

								And then up the spinal cord to the brain


								01:18:36.220 --> 01:18:40.220

								Question is, how do you disinfect scalpels and other medical instruments


								01:18:40.220 --> 01:18:44.220

								Because there have been cases where CJD has been transmitted from one patient to another


								01:18:44.220 --> 01:18:46.220

								By this route


								01:18:46.220 --> 01:18:52.220

								And what I was about to say was that it's very difficult to properly disinfect instruments


								01:18:52.220 --> 01:18:54.220

								And we're working on this now very hard


								01:18:54.220 --> 01:18:56.220

								I guess we have some new approaches that seem to be very useful


								01:18:56.220 --> 01:18:57.220

								And I'm very...


								01:18:57.220 --> 01:18:58.220

								Sure, they'll be patentable


								01:18:58.220 --> 01:19:01.220

								I'm very encouraged that soon we'll be able to do this in a much better way


								01:19:01.220 --> 01:19:02.220

								And it's commonly done


								01:19:02.220 --> 01:19:04.220

								Fortunately, the number of examples of that is still small


								01:19:04.220 --> 01:19:09.220

								But as the number of surgical procedures keeps increasing every year, this may become a bigger and bigger problem


								01:19:09.220 --> 01:19:10.220

								Hopefully we can stop it


								01:19:10.220 --> 01:19:14.220

								The question was, how do these poor cannibals in New Guinea keep on perpetuating their society


								01:19:14.220 --> 01:19:18.220

								Because if they keep eating each other and they keep getting sick with Peru, aren't they all going to die out?


								01:19:18.220 --> 01:19:22.220

								And the answer is that in the late 1950s, as this was starting to...


								01:19:22.220 --> 01:19:25.220

								At that point, in fact, Peru was the most common cause of death in women


								01:19:25.220 --> 01:19:27.220

								This was a society that all men would like to have lived in


								01:19:27.220 --> 01:19:29.220

								Because they never had to do anything, women did absolutely everything


								01:19:29.220 --> 01:19:34.220

								And at that point, the most common cause of death in women was Peru


								01:19:34.220 --> 01:19:37.220

								And they died in their 30s


								01:19:37.220 --> 01:19:39.220

								They virtually never made it to age 40


								01:19:39.220 --> 01:19:42.220

								So we had generations of young people who were motherless


								01:19:42.220 --> 01:19:45.220

								And it was in the late 1950s that two things happened


								01:19:45.220 --> 01:19:49.220

								One of the missionaries who began to colonize that area told them that nice people don't eat their relatives


								01:19:49.220 --> 01:19:50.220

								Whether they're dead or alive


								01:19:50.220 --> 01:19:55.220

								And these people were eating their dead relatives to really immortalize them


								01:19:55.220 --> 01:19:59.220

								This was their way of immortalizing them through taking their soul, which they believed was in the brain, not in the heart


								01:19:59.220 --> 01:20:02.220

								And the second thing that happened was that the Australian authorities


								01:20:02.220 --> 01:20:06.220

								Who now began to occupy the Highlands of New Guinea, which up until the late 1940s


								01:20:06.220 --> 01:20:09.220

								Had not seen any Western people


								01:20:09.220 --> 01:20:12.220

								And began to occupy that area and they outlawed cannibalism


								01:20:12.220 --> 01:20:14.220

								So that's how these tribes have now survived


								01:20:14.220 --> 01:20:19.220

								And so what you basically have here is very


								01:20:19.220 --> 01:20:21.220

								Let's say


								01:20:21.220 --> 01:20:28.220

								Outland, outlier examples of where protein misfolding can go wrong


								01:20:28.220 --> 01:20:37.220

								And it's usually an autoimmune reaction to exposure to proteins that would normally not be exposed to your systemic


								01:20:38.220 --> 01:20:40.220

								systemic immune system


								01:20:41.220 --> 01:20:46.220

								And so I don't know exactly how to draw it out on a piece of paper


								01:20:46.220 --> 01:20:50.220

								But it makes sense to me that this phenomenon, however rare it was


								01:20:50.220 --> 01:20:55.220

								Would be something that you would want to understand from the perspective of how ribosomes function


								01:20:55.220 --> 01:20:58.220

								From the perspective of protein folding


								01:20:58.220 --> 01:21:03.220

								And from the perspective of wanting to alter the function of proteins


								01:21:03.220 --> 01:21:06.220

								And knowing how to stay away from this potential danger


								01:21:07.220 --> 01:21:12.220

								So if there's anything that's dual use, it is the research into prions


								01:21:12.220 --> 01:21:20.220

								Because this is the sort of worst case scenario that in the situation where women are eating their dead relatives


								01:21:20.220 --> 01:21:23.220

								And they're eating their brain that occasionally you get this


								01:21:23.220 --> 01:21:28.220

								And more often you get this generated and it could be something to do with this phenomenon


								01:21:29.220 --> 01:21:34.220

								Could also be something to do with an immune reaction to that consumption


								01:21:34.220 --> 01:21:40.220

								An immune reaction that occurs in the gut in the place where tolerance is normally built


								01:21:43.220 --> 01:21:48.220

								And you could have a situation where something happens where that immune response is thrown off kilter


								01:21:48.220 --> 01:21:55.220

								Because self-antigens are present where they shouldn't be present, i.e. in the gut


								01:21:58.220 --> 01:22:02.220

								And so we're throwing out, there's no role for the immune system at all


								01:22:02.220 --> 01:22:08.220

								There's no role at all, and in fact, there's so no role at all


								01:22:08.220 --> 01:22:14.220

								That the picture that we were looking at earlier had no role for the immune system either


								01:22:14.220 --> 01:22:18.220

								This is just something that right, it just starts occurring


								01:22:18.220 --> 01:22:21.220

								And it was happening


								01:22:21.220 --> 01:22:23.220

								No


								01:22:23.220 --> 01:22:25.220

								Damn it


								01:22:25.220 --> 01:22:28.220

								Clicked on the frickin slide, sorry


								01:22:32.220 --> 01:22:34.220

								That there's no immune system here, right?


								01:22:39.220 --> 01:22:44.220

								There's no immune system here, this is just proteins doing their protein thing


								01:22:46.220 --> 01:22:49.220

								Sell the cell spread by nanotunnels


								01:22:50.220 --> 01:22:55.220

								Person to person spread by instruments, what he was talking about here, right there it is


								01:22:56.220 --> 01:22:58.220

								But


								01:22:59.220 --> 01:23:05.220

								There's no, he said earlier in the talk that they don't think that prions activate the immune system


								01:23:06.220 --> 01:23:08.220

								So the immune system does nothing


								01:23:09.220 --> 01:23:11.220

								Think about that


								01:23:12.220 --> 01:23:14.220

								If the immune system


								01:23:14.220 --> 01:23:22.220

								Memorizes damage-associated patterns and the immune system better dang well recognize a protein that could fold other proteins wrong


								01:23:22.220 --> 01:23:27.220

								That can cause protein aggregation, aggregates that are non-degradable


								01:23:29.220 --> 01:23:31.220

								It's interesting, right?


								01:23:31.220 --> 01:23:36.220

								And what did he say was the immune response that was so interesting in those knockout mice? Antibodies


								01:23:37.220 --> 01:23:40.220

								It's absolutely positively immunomythology


								01:23:46.220 --> 01:23:48.220

								I eat meat


								01:23:48.220 --> 01:23:50.220

								The question was do I eat meat?


								01:23:50.220 --> 01:23:53.220

								And I said yes, and then Alan chimed in with do I eat meat in England?


								01:23:53.220 --> 01:23:55.220

								And the answer is not now


								01:24:00.220 --> 01:24:03.220

								There's been a lot of discussion about this, there are no assets


								01:24:03.220 --> 01:24:06.220

								So the question is, is there any screening for blood or blood products?


								01:24:06.220 --> 01:24:09.220

								And right now there's no reliable assay for prions in blood


								01:24:10.220 --> 01:24:15.220

								And so what was done by the FDA was to first, about four years ago, put it into an effect


								01:24:15.220 --> 01:24:21.220

								If you had lived in the UK for six months or more, you could not get blood in the United States


								01:24:21.220 --> 01:24:24.220

								And then last year, this was reduced to three months


								01:24:24.220 --> 01:24:28.220

								And then it was something on the order of three years or four years for the rest of Europe


								01:24:28.220 --> 01:24:30.220

								So this is a cumulative time that you've spent


								01:24:30.220 --> 01:24:32.220

								And you get asked these questions when you get blood


								01:24:32.220 --> 01:24:36.220

								And so basically what has happened is that we've seeded a narrative about this potential


								01:24:36.220 --> 01:24:42.220

								We've seeded a narrative where it could be 60 days or it could be 40 years before


								01:24:42.220 --> 01:24:45.220

								The consequences of you eating contaminated meat


								01:24:45.220 --> 01:24:51.220

								Or the consequences of you being exposed to some farmland or you being exposed to the wrong blood


								01:24:51.220 --> 01:24:56.220

								Could result in symptomatic CJD or something related to it


								01:24:56.220 --> 01:24:58.220

								Alzheimer's disease, this kind of thing


								01:24:59.220 --> 01:25:05.220

								And he's being very imprecise on purpose trying to group them all together


								01:25:05.220 --> 01:25:08.220

								Has they're all related to protein misfolding?


								01:25:08.220 --> 01:25:12.220

								Yet some stories involve induction of the protein


								01:25:12.220 --> 01:25:18.220

								Others involve degradation and production and the rate limiting steps


								01:25:18.220 --> 01:25:25.220

								Somehow outweighing the takeover and eventually the bad protein outweighs the good protein


								01:25:25.220 --> 01:25:27.220

								And then you get the disease state


								01:25:27.220 --> 01:25:33.220

								Now testing those two ideas and how they're contradicting one another or they're mutually exclusive


								01:25:33.220 --> 01:25:35.220

								But okay


								01:25:37.220 --> 01:25:43.220

								One involves an tremendous amount of sort of hand waving with regard to the structure


								01:25:43.220 --> 01:25:48.220

								And function relationship between the sequence of a protein and its tertiary structure


								01:25:48.220 --> 01:25:52.220

								And its function, which we don't know yet


								01:25:55.220 --> 01:26:00.220

								It's an extraordinary biology that we're listening to


								01:26:00.220 --> 01:26:03.220

								So a lot of interest at the level of the FDA and drug companies


								01:26:03.220 --> 01:26:09.220

								To carry out analyses of their methods when they produce a biological such as


								01:26:09.220 --> 01:26:12.220

								Let me give you an example, TPA for heart attacks


								01:26:12.220 --> 01:26:16.220

								Are perceptin for cancer treatment, these are biologics that are produced in cells


								01:26:16.220 --> 01:26:18.220

								And when these kinds of drugs are produced


								01:26:18.220 --> 01:26:22.220

								There's a lot of interest in analyzing whether there's any possibility that prions could be carried along with them


								01:26:22.220 --> 01:26:25.220

								So this is going on now


								01:26:25.220 --> 01:26:28.220

								Some thought about prions and schizophrenia


								01:26:28.220 --> 01:26:32.220

								I think that we're going to see many, many more diseases that are due to these changes in protein shape


								01:26:32.220 --> 01:26:33.220

								Of course!


								01:26:33.220 --> 01:26:36.220

								Every disease from which we have no understanding is right for such a possibility


								01:26:36.220 --> 01:26:37.220

								Of course!


								01:26:37.220 --> 01:26:39.220

								I think one can't speculate with any certainty


								01:26:39.220 --> 01:26:41.220

								But I love to speculate


								01:26:41.220 --> 01:26:45.220

								Okay, so could I talk more about how understanding prions would be used


								01:26:45.220 --> 01:26:48.220

								Can benefit an understanding of Alzheimer's disease?


								01:26:48.220 --> 01:26:52.220

								So if one understands any of these degenerative diseases in great detail


								01:26:52.220 --> 01:26:54.220

								The implications for understanding the others are immense


								01:26:54.220 --> 01:26:58.220

								They're immense in terms of new ways of thinking about the control of protein shape


								01:26:58.220 --> 01:27:01.220

								And the control of protein processing going from a normal form to an abnormal form


								01:27:01.220 --> 01:27:02.220

								Do you understand?


								01:27:02.220 --> 01:27:05.220

								We're talking about protein processing and protein folding


								01:27:05.220 --> 01:27:07.220

								We're not talking about anything else


								01:27:07.220 --> 01:27:11.220

								And so this is an excuse to understand aberrant forms of it


								01:27:11.220 --> 01:27:15.220

								It's an excuse to induce aberrant forms of it


								01:27:15.220 --> 01:27:20.220

								And explore the possibility of harnessing that in a biological weapon scenario


								01:27:20.220 --> 01:27:23.220

								Avoiding it in a gene therapy scenario


								01:27:23.220 --> 01:27:28.220

								Avoiding it in a transfection or transformation scenario going forward


								01:27:28.220 --> 01:27:32.220

								That's what this is on its surface and at its heart


								01:27:32.220 --> 01:27:37.220

								It's all the same operation to get you to accept a gene therapy


								01:27:37.220 --> 01:27:40.220

								And the consequences of it


								01:27:41.220 --> 01:27:48.220

								And to think that there is a reflected natural threat that has an analog


								01:27:48.220 --> 01:27:52.220

								So every single thing that they thought that was going to happen


								01:27:52.220 --> 01:27:57.220

								As a result of transforming and transfecting humans in a medical way


								01:27:57.220 --> 01:28:00.220

								Using CRISPR or whatever all this shit is


								01:28:00.220 --> 01:28:05.220

								They've got to convince you that there is a natural way for these disasters to occur


								01:28:06.220 --> 01:28:09.220

								A natural way for this disease cascade to exist


								01:28:09.220 --> 01:28:11.220

								So that when it finally came


								01:28:13.220 --> 01:28:17.220

								And maybe we're here right now in 2024-2025-2026


								01:28:17.220 --> 01:28:19.220

								They know it's coming


								01:28:21.220 --> 01:28:24.220

								They had to tie it to the virus to the spike


								01:28:24.220 --> 01:28:29.220

								So that they could absolve transfection as a methodology


								01:28:29.220 --> 01:28:33.220

								Even though they were seeding it this far back probably because they knew


								01:28:36.220 --> 01:28:40.220

								Or let's say it's very possible that they knew


								01:28:40.220 --> 01:28:43.220

								And that's why this guy is so confident that this


								01:28:43.220 --> 01:28:47.220

								Wide net that he's casting that we can understand one mechanism


								01:28:47.220 --> 01:28:51.220

								We understand all the mechanisms and protein folding and folding and folding


								01:28:51.220 --> 01:28:56.220

								Remember the lady Susan Lindquist from MIT that we've been listening to


								01:28:56.220 --> 01:28:58.220

								Over the last few weeks as well


								01:28:58.220 --> 01:29:02.220

								That lady was working in the same department as Venki


								01:29:02.220 --> 01:29:04.220

								Rosham-Shami


								01:29:04.220 --> 01:29:08.220

								Whatever the guy that Mark has done a couple programs on that has done


								01:29:08.220 --> 01:29:12.220

								Got the Nobel Prize for the ribosome


								01:29:12.220 --> 01:29:20.220

								These are all in the same small group of people trying to figure out how the machinery of a cell works


								01:29:20.220 --> 01:29:22.220

								How the machinery on DNA works


								01:29:22.220 --> 01:29:29.220

								How DNA to RNA to protein can be understood and harnessed and hijacked


								01:29:32.220 --> 01:29:35.220

								And so they talk a mean game about how much we understand


								01:29:35.220 --> 01:29:37.220

								But we don't understand this stuff like this


								01:29:37.220 --> 01:29:40.220

								And I'm learning a lot from this


								01:29:40.220 --> 01:29:44.220

								Accumulating an abnormal form, causing as we had questions before


								01:29:44.220 --> 01:29:46.220

								About how do these changes in protein shape


								01:29:46.220 --> 01:29:49.220

								And then manifest themselves in neurologic signs and symptoms


								01:29:49.220 --> 01:29:52.220

								Decrease thinking, decrease memory, inability to walk


								01:29:52.220 --> 01:29:55.220

								What is the process by which this goes on? We have no idea


								01:29:55.220 --> 01:29:57.220

								And so what we're seeing is


								01:29:57.220 --> 01:30:01.220

								We have no idea, he couldn't at least say we think it's the immune system


								01:30:01.220 --> 01:30:05.220

								Seriously? It's kind of sad


								01:30:05.220 --> 01:30:09.220

								Why is it sad? Because once you invoke the immune system


								01:30:09.220 --> 01:30:11.220

								Your protein


								01:30:11.220 --> 01:30:16.220

								Your protein is no longer the center


								01:30:16.220 --> 01:30:20.220

								It's no longer a target


								01:30:20.220 --> 01:30:22.220

								It's no longer a toy


								01:30:22.220 --> 01:30:24.220

								It's no longer a thing that you have


								01:30:24.220 --> 01:30:28.220

								That you have intellectual property rights over


								01:30:28.220 --> 01:30:31.220

								Instead, now you're going into the immune system


								01:30:31.220 --> 01:30:33.220

								Where antibodies dominate


								01:30:33.220 --> 01:30:35.220

								Where we can't study T cells


								01:30:35.220 --> 01:30:40.220

								T cells are so hard to study that Christian Anderson decided to drop out of that


								01:30:40.220 --> 01:30:43.220

								PhD and go into infectious diseases instead


								01:30:43.220 --> 01:30:47.220

								He told that story on Twiv in 2021


								01:30:47.220 --> 01:30:50.220

								It's hilarious these people


								01:30:50.220 --> 01:30:52.220

								As more and more information


								01:30:52.220 --> 01:30:55.220

								Anything to stay away from the sacred biology


								01:30:55.220 --> 01:30:58.220

								That irreducible complexity, stay far away from it


								01:30:58.220 --> 01:31:01.220

								And go somewhere where it's only smoke and mirrors


								01:31:01.220 --> 01:31:03.220

								Like infectious diseases


								01:31:03.220 --> 01:31:05.220

								It comes from all these neurodegenerative diseases


								01:31:05.220 --> 01:31:06.220

								About them and the mechanisms


								01:31:06.220 --> 01:31:08.220

								We're going to see more and more cross fertilization


								01:31:08.220 --> 01:31:11.220

								The prion diseases have the advantages that we know much more about prions


								01:31:11.220 --> 01:31:13.220

								Than we do about the process of Alzheimer's disease


								01:31:13.220 --> 01:31:14.220

								We have much better animal models


								01:31:14.220 --> 01:31:16.220

								These transgenic or genetically...


								01:31:16.220 --> 01:31:19.220

								I am really upset with the disease, the use of the word disease


								01:31:19.220 --> 01:31:21.220

								Because it's super annoying


								01:31:21.220 --> 01:31:26.220

								We shouldn't have infectious disease


								01:31:26.220 --> 01:31:29.220

								And then genetic disease


								01:31:29.220 --> 01:31:32.220

								It should be genetic disorder


								01:31:32.220 --> 01:31:35.220

								Protein folding disorder


								01:31:35.220 --> 01:31:40.220

								Malaria disease


								01:31:40.220 --> 01:31:41.220

								Something like that


								01:31:41.220 --> 01:31:43.220

								I don't like this, but that's the way we do it


								01:31:43.220 --> 01:31:46.220

								And it's frustrating, but it's biologically confusing


								01:31:46.220 --> 01:31:49.220

								And biologically imprecise


								01:31:49.220 --> 01:31:52.220

								Near mice reproduce every aspect of a prion disease


								01:31:52.220 --> 01:31:55.220

								Of humans, of a cow, depending on what gene we express in the mouse


								01:31:55.220 --> 01:32:00.220

								And so we have tools with prion diseases that we don't have with any of the other diseases


								01:32:00.220 --> 01:32:03.220

								And I think if we're successful in the therapy and prion disease


								01:32:03.220 --> 01:32:06.220

								This will generate an enormous interest in the drug companies


								01:32:06.220 --> 01:32:08.220

								As well as the governments as well as foundations throughout the world


								01:32:08.220 --> 01:32:12.220

								But enormous amounts more money into solving a problem like Alzheimer's disease


								01:32:12.220 --> 01:32:16.220

								Anybody's, anybody's for amyloid beta


								01:32:16.220 --> 01:32:19.220

								I mean, it's hilarious how naive he sounds here


								01:32:19.220 --> 01:32:22.220

								Because we have, of course, the benefit of 22 years of research


								01:32:22.220 --> 01:32:25.220

								But it's very, very funny


								01:32:25.220 --> 01:32:28.220

								How naive he sounds here


								01:32:28.220 --> 01:32:32.220

								I'm so excited about these antibodies as therapeutics


								01:32:32.220 --> 01:32:34.220

								And also as bench tools


								01:32:34.220 --> 01:32:37.220

								And even structural dissection tools


								01:32:37.220 --> 01:32:42.220

								It's hilarious how naive he is to what he's using as tools


								01:32:42.220 --> 01:32:47.220

								Anybody's for a long time have played various roles like this


								01:32:47.220 --> 01:32:54.220

								That lots and lots of academic biologists are unaware of the huge, huge grey area


								01:32:54.220 --> 01:32:57.220

								That they've been playing with unless they've been using the proper controls


								01:32:57.220 --> 01:33:02.220

								Which is a growing and growing problem because of the change in demography of our populations


								01:33:02.220 --> 01:33:06.220

								When you're 85 years old, you have a one and three chance of having Alzheimer's disease


								01:33:06.220 --> 01:33:09.220

								And as we have more and more people who become octogenarians


								01:33:09.220 --> 01:33:12.220

								The number of people without Alzheimer's diseases that keep going up


								01:33:12.220 --> 01:33:14.220

								Other questions?


								01:33:14.220 --> 01:33:17.220

								So the question is, in late onset muscular dystrophies


								01:33:17.220 --> 01:33:22.220

								Where they have these mutations that expand the size of the protein


								01:33:22.220 --> 01:33:25.220

								Or sometimes don't expand the size of the protein but expand the gene


								01:33:25.220 --> 01:33:27.220

								Are there similarities? And the answer is yes


								01:33:27.220 --> 01:33:30.220

								One of the diseases I put up, but I didn't talk about was Huntington's disease


								01:33:30.220 --> 01:33:32.220

								And then I put up some of the spinal cerebellar ataxios


								01:33:32.220 --> 01:33:35.220

								And these diseases have these same kinds of expanded repeats


								01:33:35.220 --> 01:33:39.220

								And the answer is, I think we're talking about many similar phenomena


								01:33:39.220 --> 01:33:41.220

								Now in these cases, these are all inherited diseases


								01:33:41.220 --> 01:33:43.220

								So it's only the genetic form of disease


								01:33:43.220 --> 01:33:48.220

								But we have no understanding of why it is that these diseases have such a late onset


								01:33:48.220 --> 01:33:51.220

								What is clear is that the bigger the repeat, the earlier the onset


								01:33:51.220 --> 01:33:54.220

								But then all of that has to be qualified by many other factors


								01:33:54.220 --> 01:33:57.220

								That shift these curves up and down with respect to the repeats


								01:33:57.220 --> 01:34:00.220

								In the prion diseases, we have absolutely no understanding why it is that


								01:34:00.220 --> 01:34:03.220

								A single mutation, meaning one amino acid has changed


								01:34:03.220 --> 01:34:07.220

								Some members of the family, the same family, are 40 years old when they get the disease


								01:34:07.220 --> 01:34:09.220

								And others are 80 or 90 years old


								01:34:11.220 --> 01:34:15.220

								It's more likely to be exposure to a toxin or some other trigger than


								01:34:15.220 --> 01:34:22.220

								Rather than a disease process that's like a ticking clock or a degradation against production rate


								01:34:22.220 --> 01:34:26.220

								So again, the model makes predictions but he doesn't bother to test him


								01:34:26.220 --> 01:34:29.220

								He doesn't even bother to list the options that he sees


								01:34:29.220 --> 01:34:31.220

								It's really disingenuous


								01:34:32.220 --> 01:34:35.220

								The question is about these areas where PRPC is converted into PRPC scraping


								01:34:35.220 --> 01:34:37.220

								On the surface of the cell, these cholesterol-rich micro-domains


								01:34:37.220 --> 01:34:41.220

								One of the reasons we know they're cholesterol-rich is that with low estatin and other drugs


								01:34:41.220 --> 01:34:44.220

								We can completely abolish the formation of PRPC scraping


								01:34:44.220 --> 01:34:47.220

								Now we can't give that drug in high enough concentrations to humans


								01:34:47.220 --> 01:34:49.220

								Because we would dissolve the human


								01:34:49.220 --> 01:34:53.220

								The cells are not very happy in these very high concentrations of low estatin


								01:34:53.220 --> 01:34:57.220

								These are very important regions, these cholesterol-rich micro-domains are rafts


								01:34:57.220 --> 01:34:59.220

								That people have been studying only for the last few years


								01:34:59.220 --> 01:35:01.220

								They seem to coalesce and form caves or cabbioli


								01:35:01.220 --> 01:35:03.220

								And we really don't understand their function


								01:35:03.220 --> 01:35:05.220

								But there are more and more studies in this area


								01:35:05.220 --> 01:35:08.220

								And I think as time goes on we'll understand much more about them


								01:35:12.220 --> 01:35:16.220

								So the way the protein is multiplying is that we're seeing new PRPC being made all the time


								01:35:16.220 --> 01:35:18.220

								And then it's being degraded


								01:35:18.220 --> 01:35:23.220

								But about 5% of it in a scraping-infected cell is being bled off into the formation of new PRPC scraping


								01:35:23.220 --> 01:35:28.220

								And the old PRPC scraping, the existing PRPC scraping, drives the formation of new PRPC scraping


								01:35:28.220 --> 01:35:30.220

								See, he's saying it like he knows


								01:35:30.220 --> 01:35:34.220

								He's saying it like they have all these high fidelity images of it happening in a time-lapse photograph


								01:35:34.220 --> 01:35:38.220

								With stains that show everything and can double-dip control


								01:35:38.220 --> 01:35:42.220

								And it's just ridiculous, it's still just that cartoon


								01:35:42.220 --> 01:35:47.220

								It's still just a series of assumptions that haven't been confirmed by much other than that they can


								01:35:47.220 --> 01:35:50.220

								Sometimes see a fraction that's degradable and sometimes not


								01:35:50.220 --> 01:35:51.220

								Ting is multiplying


								01:35:51.220 --> 01:36:00.220

								So again, that's the same answer that I gave of question is what's the relationship of scraping to Parkinson's disease?


								01:36:00.220 --> 01:36:04.220

								So the same answer that I gave about the relationship of pre-owned research


								01:36:04.220 --> 01:36:07.220

								To Alzheimer's disease is the answer to what is the relationship to Parkinson's disease


								01:36:07.220 --> 01:36:10.220

								As we learn more about all of the processes that occur in


								01:36:10.220 --> 01:36:14.220

								So that kind of already helps you understand why it's a little ridiculous


								01:36:14.220 --> 01:36:20.220

								That people with regard to the spike protein will flip-flop between it being amyloidogenic


								01:36:20.220 --> 01:36:22.220

								And it being pre-anagenic


								01:36:22.220 --> 01:36:26.220

								Because as he's telling you right now, they're different proteins


								01:36:26.220 --> 01:36:31.220

								They're likely different mechanisms, they're likely different causes


								01:36:31.220 --> 01:36:35.220

								We just think that one might help us think about the other one


								01:36:35.220 --> 01:36:39.220

								There's no reason to believe if the protein is completely different


								01:36:39.220 --> 01:36:43.220

								That the mechanism is that all related and yet somehow or another


								01:36:44.220 --> 01:36:48.220

								These amateur hour worst case scenario


								01:36:48.220 --> 01:36:54.220

								Whitting or unwitting narrative pushers from 2020


								01:36:54.220 --> 01:36:59.220

								Have been interchangeably using the word pre-anagenic and amyloidogenic


								01:36:59.220 --> 01:37:01.220

								As though they're kind of just synonyms


								01:37:01.220 --> 01:37:06.220

								When here's the Nobel Prize winner telling you they are definitely not


								01:37:07.220 --> 01:37:14.220

								In scrapie, in the pre-owned diseases, those will translate into learning much more about Parkinson's disease


								01:37:14.220 --> 01:37:17.220

								In Parkinson's disease, there is a protein called alpha-synuclein


								01:37:17.220 --> 01:37:19.220

								Which is normally made in all of us


								01:37:19.220 --> 01:37:23.220

								And when the disease occurs, or even long before the disease occurs


								01:37:23.220 --> 01:37:26.220

								Alpha-synuclein is being mishandled, improperly handled


								01:37:26.220 --> 01:37:29.220

								It starts accumulating not outside the cell as big plaques


								01:37:29.220 --> 01:37:32.220

								But inside the cell as what are called lewy bodies


								01:37:32.220 --> 01:37:34.220

								And specifically in the cells of the substantia nigra


								01:37:34.220 --> 01:37:37.220

								Which are the cells that die out in Parkinson's disease


								01:37:37.220 --> 01:37:40.220

								So there is a PRP in birds, it's very much different than mammalian PRP


								01:37:40.220 --> 01:37:44.220

								And whether birds have pre-owned diseases, I don't know


								01:37:44.220 --> 01:37:49.220

								So the question is, are there cases of CJD where it's come from a vaccine


								01:37:49.220 --> 01:37:51.220

								Or it's come from a blood transfusion


								01:37:51.220 --> 01:37:54.220

								There are several cases where there have been blood transfusions


								01:37:54.220 --> 01:37:56.220

								But one can't be sure that it either came from the blood transfusion


								01:37:56.220 --> 01:37:58.220

								Or it was simply a sporadic case of CJD


								01:37:58.220 --> 01:38:01.220

								And the same thing's true of a couple of vaccine cases


								01:38:01.220 --> 01:38:03.220

								But the problem is everybody's vaccinated


								01:38:03.220 --> 01:38:06.220

								And so we can't really make any relationship there


								01:38:06.220 --> 01:38:09.220

								So the question is, since ALS is a relatively rare disease


								01:38:09.220 --> 01:38:11.220

								Is there much research being done here at UCSF?


								01:38:11.220 --> 01:38:13.220

								And the answer is that


								01:38:13.220 --> 01:38:15.220

								There's a small amount of research being done here


								01:38:15.220 --> 01:38:16.220

								But it's significant


								01:38:16.220 --> 01:38:18.220

								And we have a clinical center and in that clinical center


								01:38:18.220 --> 01:38:20.220

								We're trying to get much more information


								01:38:20.220 --> 01:38:24.220

								And our hope is to expand ALS research in the near future


								01:38:24.220 --> 01:38:28.220

								You stand on behalf of many men, thank you so much


								01:38:28.220 --> 01:38:32.220

								Thanks guys


								01:38:32.220 --> 01:38:36.220

								I hope you found that useful


								01:38:36.220 --> 01:38:42.220

								I hope you find it definitely a little bit useful


								01:38:42.220 --> 01:38:45.220

								Please stop transfection in humans


								01:38:45.220 --> 01:38:48.220

								They are trying to eliminate the control group


								01:38:48.220 --> 01:38:52.220

								Especially in the old people, don't let those over 50 in your life


								01:38:52.220 --> 01:38:55.220

								Take any vaccine advice from their doctor


								01:38:55.220 --> 01:39:00.220

								Intramuscular injection of any combination of substances with the intent of augmenting the healthy immune system


								01:39:00.220 --> 01:39:04.220

								Of your friends, your relatives, your neighbors


								01:39:04.220 --> 01:39:05.220

								It's dumb


								01:39:05.220 --> 01:39:10.220

								Transfection in healthy humans is criminally negligent in RNA camp pandemic


								01:39:15.220 --> 01:39:17.220

								Mark got a new Lego train


								01:39:17.220 --> 01:39:19.220

								But it's wheels don't turn


								01:39:19.220 --> 01:39:21.220

								It's kind of annoying


								01:39:22.220 --> 01:39:26.220

								I don't see if there's any dinner left over for me


								01:39:26.220 --> 01:39:28.220

								Thank you very much for joining me


								01:39:28.220 --> 01:39:31.220

								Ladies and gentlemen, these are the people that support giggle and biological


								01:39:31.220 --> 01:39:33.220

								If your name's not up here yet


								01:39:33.220 --> 01:39:36.220

								It might be because I haven't updated the list in a little while


								01:39:36.220 --> 01:39:39.220

								Or it might be because you are not yet a subscriber


								01:39:39.220 --> 01:39:42.220

								And if you'd like to be, you can go to giggleandbiological.com


								01:39:42.220 --> 01:39:45.220

								And you can find a lot of different ways to set up a one time


								01:39:45.220 --> 01:39:49.220

								Or even monthly donation to our work


								01:39:49.220 --> 01:39:53.220

								Actually, as I left this play


								01:39:53.220 --> 01:39:57.220

								I'm going to cut over to the desk


								01:39:57.220 --> 01:40:02.220

								And I got a card from New Mexico today


								01:40:02.220 --> 01:40:06.220

								Thanks very much Christy, it made it


								01:40:06.220 --> 01:40:10.220

								And thanks for the grocery money


								01:40:10.220 --> 01:40:13.220

								You know, like every little bit counts


								01:40:13.220 --> 01:40:15.220

								And this is not a little bit, so thanks a lot


								01:40:15.220 --> 01:40:17.220

								Christy, thanks a lot


								01:40:19.220 --> 01:40:22.220

								See you guys again tomorrow