From 75c1bd7a953ede624d5f29c5a1f75d4ca5272791 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Soothspider Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2024 11:34:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] AI Captions. April 22. Stanley Prusiner. Part II --- ...2 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024).vtt | 4034 +++++++++++++++++ .../README.md | 5 + 2 files changed, 4039 insertions(+) create mode 100755 twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024).vtt create mode 100644 twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/README.md diff --git a/twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024).vtt b/twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024).vtt new file mode 100755 index 0000000..92a538f --- /dev/null +++ b/twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024).vtt @@ -0,0 +1,4034 @@ +WEBVTT + +00:30.000 --> 00:32.000 +You + +01:00.000 --> 01:02.000 +I + +01:21.560 --> 01:24.520 +Guess I didn't update the stream. Yes, this is part two + +01:25.360 --> 01:30.040 +I'll update the title later. I guess I thought I updated it here on my OBS + +01:30.040 --> 01:36.440 +But I guess I didn't push the button done and so that it did not date my bad. This is part two. I + +01:41.160 --> 01:43.160 +Shall do it + +01:54.520 --> 01:59.480 +I'm afraid that the latest data tells us that we're dealing with essentially a worst case scenario + +01:59.480 --> 02:04.080 +I'm afraid that the latest data tells us that we're dealing with essentially a worst case scenario + +02:24.520 --> 02:26.520 +I + +02:38.680 --> 02:44.280 +Think truth is good for kids. We're so busy lying. We don't even recognize the truth no more than society + +02:44.800 --> 02:49.080 +We want everybody to feel good. That's not that's not the way life is + +02:55.520 --> 03:00.840 +We should be okay here. I'm just gonna check this one. So I'm back from the gym + +03:00.840 --> 03:03.080 +I thought I'd get part two done before tomorrow + +03:04.080 --> 03:11.200 +We're eventually gonna be doing a show a day or two shows a day one at 10 10 and one at 13 13 + +03:12.120 --> 03:13.960 +So at 10 o'clock and one o'clock + +03:13.960 --> 03:19.520 +But you know we got to roll slowly here and make sure that we we build this momentum + +03:20.400 --> 03:25.960 +Intelligently and one of the things we're trying to build momentum around is this whole pre-on biology stuff + +03:26.320 --> 03:31.520 +And there's a there's a lot to learn and so we were gonna finish the video that we started earlier + +03:31.520 --> 03:34.720 +Thank you very much for being here. See you in a second + +03:37.280 --> 03:41.520 +This episode is sponsored by mink that's moo plus like + +03:41.520 --> 03:43.520 +Mm-hmm + +03:45.520 --> 03:53.080 +This my point is that if if we were able to just like we're trying to get everybody to take the vaccine if we had + +03:53.160 --> 03:58.480 +Put that into getting everybody to take hypermectin and fluvoxamine for for a month + +03:58.800 --> 04:02.720 +If we and if we could accomplish that then COVID would be wiped out + +04:02.720 --> 04:08.120 +We could do it and actually any municipality that could regulate its borders could clear the disease + +04:11.520 --> 04:15.840 +But you can tell if someone's lying, you know, you can sort of feel it in people + +04:17.160 --> 04:20.240 +And I have lied. I'm sure I'll lie again. I don't want to lie + +04:20.400 --> 04:24.080 +You know, I don't think I'm a liar. I try not to be a liar. I don't want to be a liar + +04:24.080 --> 04:27.440 +I think it's like really important not to be a liar + +04:30.240 --> 04:33.280 +I mean that stands alone as like one of the best + +04:34.600 --> 04:37.240 +Rapid fire statements made by anyone + +04:37.240 --> 04:40.960 +Ever maybe in mainstream media + +05:07.240 --> 05:09.240 +You + +05:37.240 --> 05:39.240 +I + +05:43.160 --> 05:48.560 +The meter this always looks like it's really soft, but it actually is always really really hard in my ears + +05:57.880 --> 05:59.860 +Let's do it + +05:59.860 --> 06:09.620 +Sweaty bombs, this is so crazy like these bumps. This is so crazy. I feel so nervous like what in the world man + +06:29.860 --> 06:31.860 +Oh + +06:59.860 --> 07:04.500 +Big-time brick + +07:06.580 --> 07:13.220 +I'm glad somebody noticed that that was a big-time brick. I'm not trying to represent myself as some kind of baller here + +07:13.420 --> 07:18.700 +That was the whole point of making it a real real clip one good shot one brick + +07:19.660 --> 07:22.460 +That's about what I'm good for. I don't think that's that bad though + +07:22.540 --> 07:25.700 +If you've been following along for a while you're here at the top of the wave + +07:26.220 --> 07:31.740 +Where we've been shooting three-pointers for four years now where we stay focused on the biology + +07:31.740 --> 07:38.820 +We don't take the bait on TV and we love our neighbors trying to rescue those skilled TV watchers in our family and on our street + +07:39.420 --> 07:43.540 +By sharing this biology consistently on Facebook where I am not on + +07:44.300 --> 07:46.300 +Twitter where I'm mostly not + +07:46.820 --> 07:54.140 +Shared everywhere you can and if you can maybe you can find your way to get going biological.com and find a way to support + +07:54.140 --> 08:00.220 +That would be also great. It's also just a great place and way to share what we do send people to get your own + +08:00.420 --> 08:03.580 +Biological.com. They can find everything there everything has its own link + +08:04.380 --> 08:12.540 +And it all just kind of centers on that all of the links to all the different places where it's stored is there and yes, this is + +08:14.540 --> 08:19.900 +Independent Brightwave presentation that basically means that we don't take sponsorships because we're not offered them + +08:20.740 --> 08:25.420 +And we are supported only only only by viewers like you + +08:28.180 --> 08:31.100 +Still trying to break the same illusion + +08:35.380 --> 08:41.380 +Sometimes it's nice for having a little live Eric Johnson Evan root fever to try and help + +08:42.220 --> 08:46.260 +Establish the mood that it's necessary in order to + +08:47.140 --> 08:50.780 +Engage in United non-compliance is what you're really doing here + +08:51.300 --> 08:57.340 +When you come here and try to discuss the flip side of the biology on TV the flip side of the biology on + +08:58.140 --> 09:01.340 +Social media and so today we're going to keep up the good work + +09:02.060 --> 09:04.060 +That needs to be done + +09:04.060 --> 09:08.220 +This is going biological the safest way to get biology in your head + +09:17.020 --> 09:19.020 +You + +09:24.460 --> 09:30.940 +Thank you very much, this is giga ohm biological a high-resistance low noise information brief brought to you by a biologist + +09:30.940 --> 09:32.580 +24th of April + +09:32.580 --> 09:37.620 +2024 we're on our second stream of the day, but that shouldn't be something we should be applauded for + +09:37.900 --> 09:41.300 +We need to do more and there is a lot of work to do + +09:42.260 --> 09:46.260 +Sometimes it's just it's handy to be ready. We were ready for this + +09:46.260 --> 09:51.220 +We've been preparing for this video for a long time and it's actually so far been incredibly revealing + +09:51.220 --> 09:55.900 +And so I want to start first by kind of reframing where we are again + +09:55.900 --> 09:59.220 +This is about a principle of informed consent + +09:59.220 --> 10:04.100 +I'm gonna escape out of here for a second just to make sure that this is going where I want it to go + +10:05.780 --> 10:08.940 +This is where I want it to be I'm gonna skip a couple of those slides + +10:08.940 --> 10:15.940 +It's always smart to make sure you are where you need to be so we've talked about these TV scenarios where there's either a lab leak or a + +10:16.340 --> 10:18.420 +Batcave virus, so maybe there's nothing at all + +10:19.260 --> 10:22.740 +And how these things have generally + +10:24.220 --> 10:30.300 +Hearded the vast majority of people in West Western civilization to accept a faith in + +10:31.060 --> 10:35.220 +What is essentially a novel biology? It's not just a novel virus + +10:35.660 --> 10:41.100 +But the whole story of a novel virus and how it has behaved in the last five years + +10:42.020 --> 10:47.820 +constitutes a novel biology because first of all the precedents of a trackable gain of function + +10:48.780 --> 10:56.340 +RNA because we need to be very honest with the people in our lives about what is essentially the story the story is not a virus + +10:57.260 --> 11:00.860 +with lots of little gears and wheels and and + +11:01.740 --> 11:05.220 +Enzymes and magnets and mitochondria inside + +11:06.460 --> 11:10.580 +It is simply an RNA molecule wrapped around a + +11:11.100 --> 11:17.580 +protein called the end protein and that is contained within what is essentially a cell membrane a + +11:18.940 --> 11:22.060 +Lipi protein coat lipo protein coat + +11:22.900 --> 11:23.700 +and + +11:23.700 --> 11:27.620 +So coronaviruses as they are presented to us are nothing more + +11:28.460 --> 11:29.980 +than a + +11:29.980 --> 11:35.220 +nanoparticle with some RNA packaged inside of it, and so by the + +11:37.500 --> 11:40.900 +The broad understanding of the rules of biology that + +11:42.300 --> 11:44.300 +that model + +11:44.580 --> 11:46.180 +then + +11:46.180 --> 11:49.020 +dictates that whatever properties are + +11:49.660 --> 11:52.660 +contained inside of an RNA pandemic are + +11:53.100 --> 12:02.020 +emergent properties that are contained within the actual sequence of that RNA and indeed that is the story that many people have + +12:02.020 --> 12:06.460 +been telling us from the very beginning that a fear and cleavage site that HIV inserts that + +12:07.020 --> 12:13.220 +homology to a staphylococcan and teratoxin B protein could be partially + +12:14.180 --> 12:21.460 +explanatory in terms of the severe COVID that we see in some places or the long COVID that we see in some places + +12:22.660 --> 12:27.500 +And this mythology is extraordinary because at the heart of it again + +12:27.500 --> 12:35.260 +I'm going to say it one more time is an RNA molecule that because of the actual content of its sequence the actual + +12:35.380 --> 12:42.580 +Order in which the bases are found it is capable of doing something that otherwise all other RNA molecules + +12:43.100 --> 12:45.100 +never even + +12:45.980 --> 12:48.220 +Never even it doesn't cut it doesn't happen + +12:49.140 --> 12:54.740 +Now the flu viruses is RNA molecules, but the crazy thing is is flu viruses are + +12:55.420 --> 12:58.540 +Supposedly packaged with some enzymes + +13:00.220 --> 13:06.660 +So even flu viruses have by definition even more gears and wheels and little motors in there + +13:07.020 --> 13:11.380 +Then a coronavirus a coronavirus is actually just an + +13:12.420 --> 13:14.420 +instruction module and + +13:14.420 --> 13:17.020 +if that instruction module is read then + +13:17.860 --> 13:19.780 +Apparently it makes copies of itself + +13:19.780 --> 13:26.700 +But the point is is that if that instruction module has a fear and cleavage site or it has HIV inserts or it has + +13:28.300 --> 13:30.300 +homology to to a + +13:30.980 --> 13:32.580 +toxin protein + +13:32.580 --> 13:34.740 +That now it can cause a pandemic + +13:36.940 --> 13:38.940 +So the second part of this is that + +13:39.100 --> 13:41.740 +Transfection was waiting in the wings for a very long time + +13:42.420 --> 13:47.580 +Just waiting for the right opportunity to come and save mankind. I mean the whole species + +13:48.580 --> 13:49.740 +and + +13:49.740 --> 13:56.060 +Since we rushed it since we tried to make a lot of money and cut corners or whatever it is that we did + +13:56.620 --> 14:00.700 +Or because we weren't liable. So since we weren't liable. We cut corners + +14:01.300 --> 14:05.700 +That some people were injured because of the contamination found in some of these + +14:06.540 --> 14:09.820 +And some of these countermeasures now keep in mind one of the major + +14:10.780 --> 14:14.700 +Lawsuits that's currently moving through the courts is a lawsuit + +14:15.460 --> 14:21.820 +To do with contamination of remdesivir vials so not even the use of remdesivir. Yes or no, but + +14:22.900 --> 14:25.220 +Contaminated remdesivir and so you see + +14:25.740 --> 14:28.900 +then when you realize that they've been talking since + +14:29.460 --> 14:31.460 +2000 + +14:31.460 --> 14:34.220 +Wow a terrible weatherman 2020 + +14:35.700 --> 14:40.340 +About the spike protein being the center of this whole mystery + +14:40.980 --> 14:48.580 +The spike proteins interaction with ACE 2 the spike proteins ability to cause multi-system inflammatory disease or whatever it's called + +14:48.820 --> 14:52.780 +The spike proteins targeting of the heart muscle the spike protein being + +14:53.620 --> 14:59.060 +amyloidogenic the spike protein being a pre-on or having pre-on-like sequences in it + +15:01.220 --> 15:04.220 +Has been confounded from the very beginning + +15:06.460 --> 15:09.460 +With the ability or the propensity for + +15:09.820 --> 15:13.260 +transfection or transformation technologies to + +15:14.220 --> 15:16.220 +result in + +15:16.660 --> 15:22.260 +Pre-on-like disorders or whatever these things are like crowds felt the occub in the paper of Luke Montenier + +15:22.260 --> 15:26.900 +The reason why the paper of Luke Montenier is so important is that it came out very early + +15:27.700 --> 15:30.700 +and yet those people had been actually + +15:31.420 --> 15:37.140 +They had been transformed with an adenovirus carrying the spike protein gene + +15:39.020 --> 15:42.340 +So they had been transformed they had not been infected and + +15:42.980 --> 15:47.260 +Of course right away the people were arguing. What were they arguing? What were they arguing? + +15:47.460 --> 15:50.980 +They were arguing that maybe those people had been infected before they were + +15:51.860 --> 15:53.860 +Before they were vaccinated + +15:54.260 --> 15:59.900 +And so already they needed to clean the narrative already they had to cast out already + +15:59.900 --> 16:01.900 +They had to speak up + +16:02.020 --> 16:06.740 +Because the worst-case scenario was already under threat from the very beginning the worst-case scenario + +16:07.540 --> 16:12.980 +Narrative centers always on the spike protein even though there are 29 or 30 other + +16:13.140 --> 16:19.060 +Proteins that have various isoforms that can do all kinds of things most of which we don't know and + +16:20.540 --> 16:26.020 +Yet we are hyper focused on the spike protein the spike protein is what's used to make the phylogenetic tree + +16:26.020 --> 16:28.460 +The spike protein has defined all previous + +16:29.100 --> 16:34.260 +Coronavirus variants in the past if you look for new SARS viruses + +16:34.260 --> 16:37.900 +You don't look for new N proteins you look for new spike proteins + +16:38.860 --> 16:39.700 +and + +16:39.700 --> 16:45.700 +Part of the reason you look for new spike proteins is not because the spike protein is the most variable gene + +16:45.700 --> 16:47.700 +It is because it's the most abundant + +16:48.980 --> 16:50.980 +subgenomic RNA + +16:50.980 --> 16:51.860 +and + +16:51.860 --> 16:58.060 +We've looked at the infectious cycle since early sixties through the 70s 80s 90s + +16:58.460 --> 17:05.300 +And now all the way up to now with nanopore sequencing and we keep finding the same weird ratio of almost no + +17:06.020 --> 17:08.300 +full genomic RNAs, but + +17:09.100 --> 17:13.980 +orders many multiple orders of magnitude more subgenomic RNAs + +17:16.260 --> 17:19.340 +Predominated by spike protein e gene and gene + +17:20.100 --> 17:22.900 +And so when you look for those subgenomic RNAs + +17:23.220 --> 17:30.340 +You're looking for a signal that is expected to be there and many many many many many many orders of magnitude even in their + +17:31.060 --> 17:33.060 +most honest appraisal of + +17:33.780 --> 17:37.820 +the infectious cycle of their entity called coronavirus and + +17:38.980 --> 17:46.940 +So so much of this biology is almost wholly based on the cartoons they draw rather than on the experimental results that they've obtained + +17:47.940 --> 17:52.220 +So much of this biology is based on the cartoons + +17:52.220 --> 17:58.780 +They draw rather than the data and the experimental results that they have actually obtained + +17:58.780 --> 18:06.020 +And that is the reason why this story is so complicated and needs to be obfuscated by people who say well + +18:06.020 --> 18:08.020 +There's just no viruses at all + +18:08.220 --> 18:10.220 +None of the viruses exist + +18:11.220 --> 18:13.220 +And + +18:14.100 --> 18:20.620 +So it is a very very complicated trap that we find ourselves in and prions as part of that prions and + +18:21.500 --> 18:26.420 +Understanding what they are and what they're what they aren't if they're anything at all is + +18:28.820 --> 18:30.820 +Extremely important + +18:30.820 --> 18:35.260 +And as with virology we would be very very + +18:36.260 --> 18:45.820 +It would it was we're risking a very very big error if we assume that the biology that we've been given or told or led to assume + +18:45.820 --> 18:50.220 +As it would be because none of us have studied this intentionally until recently + +18:53.340 --> 19:01.900 +That we really understand to what extent any of this stands on firm ground and so let me switch over to the the desk here + +19:02.140 --> 19:09.140 +One of the things that I would like to start out with with this with this second part is + +19:09.340 --> 19:12.700 +Just to kind of review about what he said in the first part + +19:12.700 --> 19:18.100 +One of the things that he said in the first part was in the beginning and I'll give you the example + +19:18.100 --> 19:20.100 +I think I have it up already + +19:20.100 --> 19:22.100 +Don't I have it up already? + +19:22.100 --> 19:32.780 +If we go back to the beginning of this you can find that one of the + +19:36.420 --> 19:42.260 +One of the things that they were doing first was trying to optimize the production of the disease + +19:42.620 --> 19:44.620 +So first they couldn't find it + +19:45.020 --> 19:50.820 +Right it was very hard to achieve some kind of enrichment of the disease + +19:51.580 --> 19:57.220 +Agent and so he used two different graphs here to show you where the sucrose agent + +19:57.900 --> 20:00.740 +He said well darn it + +20:01.980 --> 20:09.100 +He said what you would expect to see is some kind of peak right some kind of peak over a certain place in + +20:09.580 --> 20:14.780 +The sucrose gradient, but you instead you see all kinds of a smear now + +20:14.780 --> 20:18.780 +Here's one of the things that I find already very interesting. Let's go back + +20:19.580 --> 20:21.580 +to the other the other + +20:25.020 --> 20:26.620 +Let's go back here + +20:26.620 --> 20:34.260 +This is the the nature pre-on paper that we've we've referenced a couple times now and lead up to this discussion + +20:34.260 --> 20:38.580 +And this is perhaps a little bit better drawing. It's a little more up to date + +20:38.700 --> 20:40.900 +This is the pre-on protein, right? + +20:40.900 --> 20:41.860 +Can you see oh sorry? + +20:41.860 --> 20:48.340 +This is the pre-on protein the protein that is on the outside of the cell that we don't know very much about what it does + +20:48.780 --> 20:54.540 +but it's for sure on the outside of the cell or on the inside of lysosomes and in the basal state + +20:54.540 --> 20:57.300 +It does something but in the in the pre-onogenic + +20:58.260 --> 21:02.740 +State or the prey I guess in this case it's PRPC + +21:03.940 --> 21:07.900 +And then this is a pre-on. Sorry. I had that wrong. This is the regular + +21:08.660 --> 21:13.780 +Pre-on protein and you see three alpha helis is there and then here you see the pre-on protein + +21:13.780 --> 21:17.620 +And it's many of them all layered on top of each other. That's what you see there + +21:17.700 --> 21:23.540 +And the implication is is that it's some kind of little fibro right there all layered on top of each other + +21:23.540 --> 21:28.860 +So this is already several pre-on proteins that have folded incorrectly and then induced it on one another + +21:28.860 --> 21:33.060 +And then this one can look induce the blue one to join them you see that + +21:34.020 --> 21:41.260 +And so this concept implies a couple things if we believe that the sequence of a protein is very much + +21:41.740 --> 21:43.740 +related to how it folds and + +21:44.020 --> 21:46.020 +So the potential for it to fold + +21:46.340 --> 21:54.780 +is related to its sequence means that it was should at least in this model and it appears also to imply that it's not able to + +21:55.620 --> 21:58.820 +Able to make any other proteins fold like this + +21:58.820 --> 22:00.220 +But it can make + +22:00.220 --> 22:05.980 +proteins with the right sequence the the protein pre-on the pre-on protein + +22:06.580 --> 22:08.060 +sequence + +22:08.060 --> 22:10.580 +so what I find interesting about the + +22:14.100 --> 22:21.500 +What I find interesting about this figure in the in the video that we watched earlier today is that this + +22:22.740 --> 22:28.740 +Is still seeming to imply that there is one protein now if there's one protein that makes + +22:29.300 --> 22:35.900 +Aggregates, what can we predict? What's the model right? That's what science is all about you have a model + +22:35.900 --> 22:40.620 +And then it makes predictions about measurements in the future and those predictions if + +22:41.180 --> 22:46.260 +If done cleverly or or or tested cleverly + +22:46.980 --> 22:48.980 +can provide fruitful + +22:50.060 --> 22:52.900 +Guidance to the experiments that should be done + +22:52.900 --> 23:00.660 +So let me just take you over here and let's talk first about the the concept of pre-ons making more pre-ons + +23:02.500 --> 23:04.500 +By + +23:05.220 --> 23:09.300 +Coming together right pre-ons press pre-ons equals a fibrel + +23:10.860 --> 23:15.420 +And that was also what he was talking about with regard to amyloidosis and + +23:16.140 --> 23:23.500 +Amyloid I guess be in the same thing really just different sides of the same coin or something which I called out before as being nonsense + +23:23.860 --> 23:27.340 +But I don't so I don't want to imply that I'm I'm saying it here + +23:27.700 --> 23:36.340 +But let's just talk specifically now about this model and the idea that the actual profile that they measure in this sucrose gradient + +23:36.340 --> 23:38.740 +is smeared across densities which means + +23:39.700 --> 23:45.580 +Apparently not one thing and the argument that they might make is one where they would say + +23:46.220 --> 23:49.460 +Sorry, they would say that that the + +23:50.260 --> 23:52.260 +That the pre-on + +23:52.380 --> 23:54.380 +protein is is + +23:54.540 --> 23:56.540 +making + +23:57.180 --> 24:02.620 +Fibrels in those fibrels because they're multiples of the the pre-on protein + +24:02.620 --> 24:07.100 +Then they're going to be all across that sucrose gradient, but that's not entirely + +24:08.020 --> 24:11.980 +accurate because if the pre-on protein weighs + +24:12.700 --> 24:13.860 +X + +24:13.860 --> 24:21.100 +then two pre-on proteins will weigh two X and the and the in a gel like that you're going to get + +24:21.820 --> 24:26.180 +Lines or in a sucrose gradient you could get lines where okay + +24:26.180 --> 24:32.060 +Well, then this is you know two and then this would be five and this would be eight or whatever right? + +24:32.060 --> 24:36.700 +I mean you can actually count it because it would move up in increments by weight + +24:37.180 --> 24:41.340 +because they move through these things by weight or by density and + +24:45.340 --> 24:51.780 +So in a sucrose gradient if they don't separate by density there might be a way to do it by charge in a + +24:52.140 --> 24:55.620 +In a gel, but there must be some way to show me + +24:56.260 --> 25:03.380 +That these preons are working together because if they're if they're they're coming together in multiples + +25:03.380 --> 25:10.260 +Then the multiples after digestion should become visible. They should be small fractions of the things that aren't digested + +25:10.260 --> 25:17.620 +And yet somehow or another this part of the model which I can show you again is very clearly visible + +25:18.620 --> 25:20.620 +Here + +25:21.700 --> 25:26.620 +That's exactly what's implied by this nature paper from not too long ago + +25:27.620 --> 25:33.260 +and in fact, I think a lot of what Stanley Prusner implies in his + +25:33.940 --> 25:38.980 +Oops, sorry about that. I'm just losing my buttons here implies in his + +25:40.300 --> 25:43.100 +In his slides and so that's what I'm a little + +25:43.780 --> 25:49.500 +Frustrated with in regard to that, but we're gonna keep going because there's more we're gonna we're still reviewing this + +25:52.060 --> 26:00.140 +So then he said that one of the best things that happened if I recall correctly is that they were able to get yet there it is + +26:00.780 --> 26:06.540 +The mouse model took a really long time. It took like a year and 60 animals before you could I guess + +26:07.340 --> 26:15.660 +Decide whether there was was scraping protein to analyze for but anyway, they got something to work much faster in hamsters + +26:15.660 --> 26:22.180 +And I'm still I it's still homework for me to figure out exactly this what the story is on this slide + +26:22.500 --> 26:32.700 +But the point would be that after this they now managed somehow this next slide suggests that they got the incubation time bio assay down low enough + +26:33.420 --> 26:38.660 +So that you didn't have to waste a lifetime as he said made jokes and people laughed about + +26:39.300 --> 26:45.940 +Waste a lifetime trying to wait for this stuff to happen so that you had something that you could use I guess to put in other animals heads + +26:46.500 --> 26:49.420 +And try to make the disease move from animal to animal + +26:49.660 --> 26:54.140 +So then he tries to purify using detergent extraction nuclei + +26:55.620 --> 27:02.260 +Digestion and protonase K digestion and after all of that stuff there's still some + +27:02.740 --> 27:06.740 +Pre-on protein present right because it's it's resistant to all of this stuff + +27:06.740 --> 27:14.300 +And so then that helped develop this concept that even after they get rid of the the nucleic acids even after they use detergent + +27:14.300 --> 27:18.500 +There's still something there that apparently causes this this + +27:20.660 --> 27:24.860 +Well, this disease stayed at some point when they injected into the brains of animals + +27:24.860 --> 27:29.040 +But already this this started to fall apart a little bit. It seemed already like + +27:29.960 --> 27:31.960 +Hand-waving and so then he moves on farther + +27:32.880 --> 27:37.820 +And he gets to this crucial point here where they're using knockout mice + +27:39.720 --> 27:41.720 +and + +27:41.720 --> 27:45.280 +In the well, they're using knockout mice and regular mice + +27:45.280 --> 27:49.120 +But anyway, the point in this picture was supposedly we could let him say it I guess + +27:49.880 --> 27:57.040 +Is that here you have the pre-on protein and then here is where you take that protein fraction and you digest it with + +27:57.680 --> 28:02.000 +Protonasis enzymes to cut the protein up and then essentially everything's gone + +28:03.240 --> 28:05.240 +but in the + +28:05.320 --> 28:08.120 +Pre-anagenic state or in the in the scraping state + +28:08.520 --> 28:14.560 +Then when you digest these proteins which are different proteins apparently then are in lane one even though + +28:14.560 --> 28:18.080 +This is supposed to be the control and this is supposed to be the experimental group + +28:18.080 --> 28:23.120 +And then you digest that fraction what you are left with is still a + +28:24.080 --> 28:29.480 +Fraction, I guess it kind of a similar weight as this one and so then the argument is + +28:30.760 --> 28:32.760 +that this represents the + +28:33.120 --> 28:35.520 +Pre-anscrapey form that is + +28:36.240 --> 28:42.920 +Undigestable by these protonasis that it's gone here because it wasn't present in this fraction in the healthy animal or in the + +28:43.200 --> 28:48.440 +The un-un manipulated animal we could listen to see what he says there again if you want + +28:49.120 --> 28:55.000 +Just to see exactly what anybody talks about destroy the protein we destroy the infectivity or every time we destroy the infectivity + +28:55.000 --> 28:57.000 +the protein was removed or + +28:57.320 --> 28:58.840 +destroyed and + +28:58.840 --> 29:00.360 +when we + +29:00.360 --> 29:04.240 +Eventually figured out what was going on we found that there was a normal form of the protein in all of us now + +29:04.240 --> 29:09.520 +This is a gel and the proteins migrate and the smaller they are the faster they migrate through this gel this porous material + +29:09.520 --> 29:11.280 +sort of like jello and + +29:11.280 --> 29:12.760 +Then we can stain them with antibodies + +29:12.760 --> 29:16.200 +And so what we found was that the protein was a protein in all of us + +29:16.240 --> 29:22.200 +Which is a normal form of the pre-an protein and when we treat with enzymes that destroy proteins the protein was completely destroyed + +29:22.200 --> 29:24.800 +But in the brains of these hamsters that became ill with Scrapey + +29:25.000 --> 29:30.320 +What we found was that there was both a normal form of the protein and another form of the protein that when we treated with + +29:30.320 --> 29:34.160 +The enzymes that destroy proteins there was a residual piece and here now this is funny + +29:34.160 --> 29:37.440 +I didn't catch this the first time but he was using antibodies here + +29:37.440 --> 29:44.640 +He gee he shows us later in the talk that there are antibodies that bind one and not the other so why do we know that the antibody + +29:44.640 --> 29:47.920 +He's using here doesn't bind the fraction that's left here + +29:49.160 --> 29:54.080 +Maybe there is a fraction here, but the antibody doesn't bind it whereas it does bind it in this form + +29:56.440 --> 30:00.200 +There's lots of weird things happening here because we use antibodies so + +30:01.560 --> 30:07.280 +The best word I guess I have is laxidazically at this time in science in 2002 + +30:07.480 --> 30:10.960 +we were still holy clueless to the bouquet of + +30:11.600 --> 30:19.960 +Molecular variation that's found even in some of the best what were presumed monoclonal antibody preparations. It's a really interesting + +30:21.120 --> 30:24.440 +Signal here too because you know if the resolution is + +30:24.960 --> 30:28.880 +Like this with all this noise that he doesn't feel like he needs to explain + +30:29.520 --> 30:33.800 +Then you can already see that something interesting is happening here. So then they say + +30:35.480 --> 30:40.320 +Something about the structure of the pre-an protein and that then the normal form + +30:40.960 --> 30:44.280 +it has these three alpha helices and then in the + +30:45.240 --> 30:52.560 +Infectious not so good form. It has more beta pleated sheets or more beta helices in this region + +30:54.000 --> 30:57.600 +And then they go on to say that when they digested these guys + +30:58.560 --> 31:01.800 +They found these pre-an like rods or pre-an rods + +31:02.760 --> 31:07.160 +According to the guy that he was working with after they cut the N-terminal off of + +31:07.880 --> 31:13.200 +the pre-an protein in vitro and later this structure was apparently + +31:14.440 --> 31:18.640 +Compared and considered homologous to amyloid protein + +31:20.600 --> 31:27.880 +Plaques or or fibros that were found in the brain of amyloid disease or the hundreds many many many diseases + +31:28.600 --> 31:32.720 +Apparently according to to Stanley that do the amyloid thing + +31:32.720 --> 31:40.840 +Then he told us about this crystallization that happens when you make enough of it and how they used + +31:41.360 --> 31:43.080 +x-ray crystallography + +31:43.080 --> 31:49.440 +To start to study the formation that they make and what formations they can make with one another as subunits + +31:50.240 --> 31:57.200 +Inside of that crystal and then that allowed them to kind of understand indeed that there was there were these three alpha helices + +31:57.600 --> 31:59.680 +and confirm that and so + +32:00.160 --> 32:07.160 +Then he showed us this picture which isn't very unlike the infectious cycle to tell us exactly how this happens + +32:07.440 --> 32:10.120 +The pre-an protein gene is expressed + +32:10.120 --> 32:17.640 +The protein is manufactured inside of the Golgi and expressed on the chant on the outside of the membrane and then it can also be + +32:18.560 --> 32:20.720 +Taken in in some of these + +32:21.160 --> 32:26.000 +Evaginations and then I don't know at some point. I guess it's something bad can happen + +32:26.000 --> 32:28.000 +We don't know what it does + +32:28.000 --> 32:30.000 +Which is really interesting + +32:31.520 --> 32:33.520 +So then + +32:33.560 --> 32:37.200 +He told us about this other gene that's in the family + +32:37.560 --> 32:42.440 +He said that it was very much related to it and that it had the same three alpha helices + +32:42.440 --> 32:47.960 +But these same three alpha helices only have about a 25% amino acid homology + +32:48.360 --> 32:55.440 +With the pre-an protein alpha helices, so I met made the point that that doesn't seem very homologous to me + +32:55.440 --> 32:56.640 +but + +32:56.640 --> 33:02.680 +because again alpha helices beta pleated sheets and beta + +33:04.800 --> 33:12.000 +Heloces are all general structures that can be made with chains of amino acids and one is + +33:13.120 --> 33:18.040 +many different combinations of amino acids can form these these forms and so + +33:18.960 --> 33:21.880 +the particular shape and form and + +33:22.720 --> 33:29.680 +Hydrophobicity of each of these alpha helices might be very different depending on the combination, but the the general shape is not so + +33:30.920 --> 33:36.360 +Decimilar and so it's it's that's the reason why you can go through a sequence and identify that this is an alpha + +33:36.360 --> 33:40.760 +He was even though it's only 25% the same as this one + +33:40.760 --> 33:43.160 +It's more of the what repeats when and that kind of thing + +33:43.960 --> 33:45.640 +and + +33:45.640 --> 33:50.760 +So that's another gene that they're that he's now kind of saying might be related to this stuff + +33:52.200 --> 33:56.200 +then he starts talking about crowdsfeld yachob in in families and + +33:57.080 --> 33:58.840 +sometimes it's + +33:58.840 --> 34:00.200 +evidence of + +34:00.200 --> 34:04.160 +preons getting into humans is 20 years or 40 years later + +34:04.160 --> 34:10.520 +So we could still see the effects of eating preon infected meat 20 or 40 years later + +34:10.720 --> 34:16.800 +which is very convenient in 2002 because that could actually be right now and and + +34:17.440 --> 34:19.080 +timed perfectly with + +34:19.080 --> 34:21.960 +Transfection to cover it up and we could just turn around and say well + +34:22.160 --> 34:26.720 +We shouldn't have been eating meat for the last 20 years at least that's what he definitely implied + +34:27.440 --> 34:30.040 +There was also in here some stuff where they were + +34:30.720 --> 34:38.320 +Bovinizing mice, but it was a little bit of hand waving and nonsense and I still think it was probably over expression of protein rather than + +34:39.240 --> 34:44.800 +Replacement thereof then he talked about that was where this there it is the bovine the bovine + +34:45.600 --> 34:47.600 +the bovinized mice + +34:48.160 --> 34:50.600 +So they over express a bovine + +34:52.400 --> 35:00.120 +Probably under some kind of conditional promoter they over express the bovine preon protein and then they show that that + +35:00.920 --> 35:02.360 +makes the mouse + +35:02.360 --> 35:08.520 +susceptible to the bovine sponge of form encephalopathy, but not the other ones and so + +35:09.400 --> 35:12.760 +Kinda demonstrates that there's some specificity + +35:12.760 --> 35:18.720 +to the different agents, but the different agents are all basically coming from the same + +35:19.680 --> 35:24.780 +Protein, so I'm not really sure, you know, we'd have to go through all these papers to see how + +35:26.480 --> 35:32.000 +Biologically useful this model is or whether it's really just you know injecting junk in animals heads twice + +35:33.000 --> 35:35.000 +and + +35:35.000 --> 35:39.360 +Then we got to the yes + +35:39.360 --> 35:46.760 +these are some more antibodies and whether they bind or not and this is just showing you that they they use antibodies as a way of + +35:47.640 --> 35:51.840 +probing whether certain parts of a protein are present or not or whether they're + +35:52.560 --> 35:58.120 +Available for antibody binding or not and to a certain extent. I think this makes some + +35:58.680 --> 36:04.520 +Sense, but it would really requires very clever controls and very astute + +36:05.320 --> 36:14.320 +Alternative experiments to support and so I feel like a lot of times in this talk. It has been used as kind of a hand-waving thing + +36:15.240 --> 36:18.640 +Here I'm gonna prove to you that these things fold differently + +36:19.480 --> 36:24.720 +And the way I'm gonna do that is use antibodies that bind and don't bind and I think that's a little bit of + +36:25.240 --> 36:31.560 +Yeah, anyway, I think that's a little bit sketch then we might be right where we were wanting to be I + +36:31.840 --> 36:33.840 +Think + +36:33.840 --> 36:37.320 +Think we might be right where we wanted to be we stopped here because + +36:38.600 --> 36:44.400 +we were looking at the regular prion protein of the protein in this great escapee form and + +36:44.640 --> 36:52.200 +How degradation took longer in these neuroblastoma cells and I was kind of angry because I didn't understand how they were + +36:52.920 --> 36:56.880 +Expressing the same protein that folds in two different ways in these + +36:57.760 --> 37:03.640 +Separately in these cell lines it seemed to imply that they knew a sequence that was different or something and I didn't understand that + +37:04.000 --> 37:06.960 +So I said this is a PRPC and defined what is called the house + +37:06.960 --> 37:09.160 +So I said that we had I had to look into that + +37:09.160 --> 37:11.160 +So I think that's where we are right now + +37:11.160 --> 37:13.960 +So there's a few things that just don't really line up + +37:13.960 --> 37:19.440 +But now we're gonna go into more of the chemistry and messing around and I think we're gonna see more of the same kind of + +37:20.160 --> 37:23.200 +weird bridges being made that aren't really + +37:24.040 --> 37:30.960 +supported by very much evidence just conjecture and cartoons, so let's see half life for formation very rapid and + +37:31.560 --> 37:33.560 +David Borchardt working here in San Francisco + +37:34.040 --> 37:39.840 +Confirmed that and then showed that the half-life time for degradation is about six hours and that PRP scrapie was made even more + +37:39.840 --> 37:42.560 +Slowly with a half-time of formation of about three to ten hours now + +37:42.560 --> 37:47.360 +I had thought that PRP scrapie was complete granite and that it was never degraded + +37:47.520 --> 37:52.080 +But in the last slide that I showed you this is really represents the degradation of PRP scrapie + +37:52.080 --> 37:54.080 +the loss of prions from the culture + +37:55.160 --> 38:01.100 +And so we were able to calculate a number as I mentioned before where 50% of the PRP scrapie disappears of about 30 hours + +38:01.960 --> 38:04.560 +This has important implications for thinking about all the general + +38:04.560 --> 38:07.040 +You know it could be that they just stain with these different + +38:07.120 --> 38:12.640 +Anybodies that they claim are selective for the proteins and when the stain goes away then they say the proteins are gone + +38:12.640 --> 38:16.440 +If there's some indirect measurement we would have to look into it diseases + +38:17.320 --> 38:21.040 +It tells us that cells are capable of degrading both PRPC and PRP scrapie + +38:21.040 --> 38:26.880 +And it raises the question whether PRP scrapie is normally found at very low levels in normal cells and has a physiological function + +38:26.880 --> 38:33.040 +And that is a very appealing way of thinking about all of this because it makes much more sense than thinking that PRP scrapie is something totally apparent + +38:33.560 --> 38:35.960 +It raises the question of whether or not we really have an issue + +38:35.960 --> 38:42.640 +It's a kinetic race between the formation of PRP scrapie and the cells ability to clear PRP scrapie and that when the cell can keep up with the + +38:42.680 --> 38:48.720 +formation and clear it like it does with other protein all other proteins in fact that when that happens everything is functioning fine + +38:48.840 --> 38:53.160 +But when the cell gets out of balance see you almost felt like you had to make that point + +38:53.680 --> 38:57.200 +That all other proteins fold incorrectly and we have to do it + +38:57.200 --> 39:01.720 +We have to get rid of we have to degrade all other proteins and we do I'm not saying we don't + +39:01.720 --> 39:12.880 +I'll let I'll go back just so you can hear it again. I didn't interrupt + +39:12.880 --> 39:17.240 +It's a kinetic race between the formation of PRP scrapie and the cells ability to clear PRP scrapie + +39:17.240 --> 39:22.720 +And that when the cell can keep up with the formation and clear it like it does with other protein all other proteins + +39:22.720 --> 39:25.760 +In fact that when that happens everything is functioning fine + +39:25.840 --> 39:32.240 +See so that's that's the place where we stopped where really the model is and let's let's let's be clear + +39:32.560 --> 39:36.080 +We want to do the model the model is that + +39:37.840 --> 39:40.440 +the pre on protein and + +39:42.280 --> 39:46.560 +Pre on protein folded incorrectly with the SC superscript + +39:47.720 --> 39:52.360 +The scrapie protein are produced by the same process + +39:53.200 --> 39:59.880 +But one is takes longer to degrade and so even though maybe smaller + +40:01.280 --> 40:02.960 +numbers of + +40:02.960 --> 40:09.640 +This confirmation come out of the ribosome. They take longer to degrade and so the kinetics of degradation + +40:10.520 --> 40:13.680 +Play into this and that's what can also make the + +40:14.480 --> 40:17.400 +onset anywhere from 60 days to + +40:17.920 --> 40:21.120 +to 40 years as he says + +40:22.360 --> 40:24.600 +And in theory that kind of makes sense + +40:24.600 --> 40:32.440 +It sounds like a fuse that could have any length of time depending on the exact parameters of by which it burns + +40:35.240 --> 40:40.560 +It's also a very convenient story that makes a lot of predictions that should have sort of + +40:41.160 --> 40:47.040 +Easily testable experiments that can grasp or can get can get at those ideas + +40:47.480 --> 40:52.840 +So let's listen as he develops this idea where again remember pre on protein in its good form and + +40:53.520 --> 41:00.680 +Pre on protein in its pre on a genic form are present at all times in all healthy animals + +41:01.440 --> 41:02.520 +and + +41:02.520 --> 41:07.880 +That it is only the kinetics of degradation and production that over time + +41:08.560 --> 41:16.440 +Can result in a preponderance of the scrapie form which can then of course cause this fibro formation, etc + +41:18.040 --> 41:23.480 +So the whole mechanism isn't quite understood yet, but the ticking time bomb part the one + +41:24.480 --> 41:32.480 +Molecule part doesn't really make sense anymore because according to this story. It's not just one molecule and now the ticking time bomb starts + +41:34.080 --> 41:40.040 +You see that's a this is a very different model if you're just gonna flip flop between those two models or + +41:40.400 --> 41:45.560 +If you're gonna say that Stanley Proustner in 2002 did know what he was talking about and + +41:46.560 --> 41:49.720 +Just one molecule is enough to cause this disease + +41:50.520 --> 41:52.520 +hmm interesting + +41:52.960 --> 41:59.040 +But when the cell gets out of balance it can no longer clear PRP scrapie at the rate that it's formed + +41:59.040 --> 42:02.040 +I'm talking about very very low levels that we can't detect even buying these animal assays + +42:02.640 --> 42:08.840 +Then something goes awry and we began to accumulate more and more PRP scrapie and eventually the animal gets sick and goes on to die or the human being + +42:09.920 --> 42:11.920 +Now I promise you a little chemistry at the end + +42:12.760 --> 42:15.280 +And if you just look down here at chlorpromisine this is Thorazine + +42:15.280 --> 42:21.680 +This is one of the first anti-psychotic drugs, and this is the structure of it has these three rings and when Carson Korth added one micromolar + +42:21.680 --> 42:28.880 +This amount he still saw these protease resistant bands this so the different the three bands are the ones with no sugars one sugar chain and two sugar chains + +42:28.880 --> 42:31.240 +They're showing a little better here. So what is this? + +42:33.160 --> 42:38.240 +Is that dr. Drew reason a lot of what I've talked about today + +42:38.600 --> 42:45.960 +Hilarie seems like cyber is only mode right I mean remember in 20 in 2019. I was fully a believer in vaccines + +42:45.960 --> 42:52.600 +I didn't know about any of this. I thought it was a godly goop. So so this is fabulous because here's what you got here, right? + +42:52.600 --> 42:54.600 +Here's what you got here + +42:54.600 --> 42:56.200 +You got a guy + +42:56.200 --> 43:04.600 +who basically is one of these many people who now who's an old man who's using testosterone and pushing + +43:05.600 --> 43:07.280 +pharma products + +43:07.280 --> 43:14.160 +Here you have a guy that from every other lawyer I can tell they don't take him seriously + +43:15.000 --> 43:21.040 +They don't think his pedigree is any good. They don't think his arguments that he makes are any good and they're pretty sure + +43:21.400 --> 43:23.400 +There's something up + +43:24.600 --> 43:32.040 +Like lawyers not me other lawyers people that I trust and people that I don't trust they're all unanimous that this this can't + +43:32.360 --> 43:34.360 +be someone to take seriously + +43:34.560 --> 43:41.840 +And this person is a person whose whose daughter was on Alex Jones at least twice + +43:42.400 --> 43:46.520 +In the run-up the year before the pandemic + +43:47.400 --> 43:55.700 +Had a million subscribers on YouTube before I guess jokingly threatened to go to the house of the YouTube CEO and kill her or him + +43:55.700 --> 44:07.940 +And we're supposed to believe that a retired pharma exec who sold her company to Pfizer by the way and was helping them + +44:07.940 --> 44:09.940 +I guess testing + +44:10.140 --> 44:16.660 +People before they tested them so that they if they had cardiac problems that they wouldn't be in the trial and you know + +44:16.660 --> 44:18.140 +I don't know + +44:18.140 --> 44:24.900 +maybe better ways to read the QP wave or whatever it's called and and and and the whole point is + +44:25.220 --> 44:32.180 +Is that it just seems like all the people that are managing to get anywhere with regard to getting their message out + +44:32.180 --> 44:37.100 +I've always been stepping in front of other people. She has stepped in front of Catherine Watt + +44:39.020 --> 44:41.780 +She has stepped in front of Craig Particopper + +44:43.260 --> 44:46.860 +She's been on stage with Robert Malone in Sweden + +44:48.060 --> 44:50.300 +When the pandemic was still hot and heavy + +44:51.260 --> 44:53.460 +This guy has been the lawyer of + +44:54.260 --> 44:55.540 +Andrew Huff + +44:55.540 --> 45:03.420 +The guy who says that he shot over a hundred and fifty rounds into the woods of of the upper Michigan forest surrounding his house + +45:03.660 --> 45:05.660 +While he was combating the state police + +45:11.140 --> 45:17.980 +And now we're supposed to believe that this is this is the these are the people on the white horses that are coming to our rescue + +45:21.300 --> 45:25.580 +Please we can't possibly take this seriously + +45:26.620 --> 45:29.540 +This isn't even Fox News level serious + +45:31.220 --> 45:36.100 +And and to give it airtime or to think that oh we got to get their attention + +45:36.900 --> 45:45.420 +That's playing right into the game even if even if this man in the middle isn't sophisticated enough to know he's being played + +45:45.420 --> 45:47.420 +I assure you that + +45:47.540 --> 45:49.540 +This is a play + +45:50.300 --> 45:53.140 +And it is a play that that was + +45:53.660 --> 45:58.340 +Either put in place very early ready to go or already + +45:58.860 --> 46:04.260 +Ready to go and then some like they were this was always where we were gonna be but I don't think that's the case + +46:04.580 --> 46:11.420 +But these are always the people these were always the people that were gonna be on the stage that there's no question about it + +46:12.060 --> 46:15.340 +Brett Weinstein was always gonna be on the stage. I + +46:15.900 --> 46:17.900 +I + +46:17.900 --> 46:21.980 +Think Robert Malone was likely always gonna be on the stage. I think + +46:22.620 --> 46:24.620 +Steve Kirsch maybe was + +46:25.660 --> 46:27.500 +Very early on + +46:27.500 --> 46:32.740 +Not gonna be but wanted to be and got on the stage. I think there's a lot of people that + +46:33.940 --> 46:38.940 +Were kind of reluctant at first didn't think that we would be where we are at this stage + +46:39.220 --> 46:41.220 +Who are on the stage reluctantly? + +46:41.460 --> 46:44.700 +Once you sign the page, you can't get off. It's a national security + +46:45.620 --> 46:47.060 +operation and + +46:47.060 --> 46:54.420 +So now remember if this is the controlled demolition of America that it makes perfect sense that many of these people would be involved + +46:54.420 --> 46:56.420 +most of them being privately + +46:56.940 --> 47:05.100 +rich privately okay with the collapse of America privately okay with the gross over inflation of the dollar and + +47:08.020 --> 47:10.020 +That's the point here is + +47:10.260 --> 47:18.180 +That the people who are rising over the last four years the people who get censored and then get on tucker and complain about it are all + +47:18.660 --> 47:20.500 +independently wealthy + +47:20.500 --> 47:26.380 +Already intimately connected to the very machine that none of us have ever gotten anything from + +47:27.740 --> 47:34.300 +None of us have ever sold the company none of us have had multiple consulting companies that worked with the DoD Ditra + +47:34.540 --> 47:37.580 +none of us have ever sat on on on + +47:37.980 --> 47:42.380 +DARPA grant committees to evaluate DARPA proposals + +47:43.180 --> 47:46.060 +none of us have ever gotten the benefit of + +47:47.540 --> 47:49.540 +taxpayer-funded data + +47:49.580 --> 47:52.780 +From your university to start a company and then sell it + +47:56.060 --> 47:58.060 +But all of these people have + +48:00.260 --> 48:02.260 +All of these people have a book + +48:08.340 --> 48:14.780 +What we're dealing with here is a controlled operation to make sure that you stay focused on + +48:16.140 --> 48:22.660 +Something that will not prevent the controlled demolition of America will not prevent us from coming together + +48:22.660 --> 48:31.140 +But we'll instead keep us fighting about things like where the virus came from or what killed people or whether viruses exist at all + +48:38.300 --> 48:40.900 +There is no way that it is random + +48:42.660 --> 48:46.940 +That soaf was on Alex Jones three times in + +48:47.500 --> 48:52.220 +2019 and now we are listening to her mom for three years as + +48:52.980 --> 48:54.780 +part of the + +48:54.780 --> 48:56.140 +alternative + +48:56.140 --> 49:03.100 +COVID narrative that involves a novel virus that killed millions of people that millions more were saved from + +49:04.100 --> 49:07.940 +That was definitely gained a function or a toxin that was + +49:08.500 --> 49:12.460 +sprayed on the world by the United States Department of Defense + +49:14.140 --> 49:16.140 +Which was a great way to + +49:16.740 --> 49:18.740 +implode America in a way that + +49:19.780 --> 49:24.900 +Turns everybody on everybody else. It doesn't realize that the military is a victim of this too + +49:25.580 --> 49:27.300 +the average + +49:27.300 --> 49:32.340 +Serving soldier is a victim of this too. They have to follow orders + +49:32.340 --> 49:34.340 +It's the people above + +49:34.660 --> 49:41.260 +Lieutenant Colonel now those are the people we need to be holding to account. Those are the people who put the mandate out + +49:41.940 --> 49:43.940 +Who gave the orders down the chain? + +49:44.940 --> 49:50.140 +The people at the bottom of the chain cannot be blamed for taking the orders or following them + +49:50.460 --> 49:55.980 +They are victims of this as well and yet. Who does she want us to blame the Department of Defense? + +49:55.980 --> 50:06.780 +Without any more specificity than that without any more chain of command to the Department of Human Health and Human Services for the + +50:07.740 --> 50:10.940 +Department of Homeland Security for DITRA + +50:11.860 --> 50:13.860 +Nothing's State Department. What's that? + +50:17.340 --> 50:24.420 +And this guy as I said is not a legal scholar is not some kind of courtroom killer + +50:26.900 --> 50:33.380 +This is a guy who is a very very very below average lawyer + +50:35.020 --> 50:37.020 +and + +50:37.020 --> 50:40.900 +He's probably in way over his head. He's probably not even a bad guy + +50:44.260 --> 50:46.100 +But people + +50:46.100 --> 50:47.460 +smarter than me + +50:47.460 --> 50:53.780 +Do not take him seriously and so the idea that either of these two take him seriously that either + +50:54.300 --> 50:57.860 +Dr. Drew or Sasha take him seriously it begs + +50:59.460 --> 51:04.420 +I'm I find it dubious. I find it dubious and and I don't think that + +51:07.300 --> 51:09.300 +Hey, I just don't + +51:11.620 --> 51:14.500 +I don't buy him. I don't buy him. I think that we are + +51:15.300 --> 51:20.740 +You need to be very pessimistic about the number of people. I mean look at how much fun she's having + +51:20.740 --> 51:25.660 +Americans were murdered ladies and gentlemen and + +51:27.300 --> 51:34.900 +Children are having needles forced upon them and adults over 50 are having needles coerced into them + +51:37.300 --> 51:39.780 +As we speak by this system + +51:41.860 --> 51:47.860 +And it is based on this mythology of a novel virus that is not being questioned here at all + +51:47.860 --> 51:50.740 +I can guarantee it. I mean they're looking how much fun + +51:51.540 --> 51:54.820 +it's so much fun to be on dr. Drew's show and + +51:56.500 --> 51:59.140 +Dr. Drew's weed is so good and + +52:00.060 --> 52:04.700 +Tom Ren's is doing the right thing. He wants to do the right thing. That's all possible. I guess + +52:08.060 --> 52:13.940 +But I just don't see it I do not see it if he is used he is used he is not + +52:18.340 --> 52:23.380 +I'm sorry, but I just I don't see it. I don't see it at all. It's unfortunate, but I just don't see it + +52:25.620 --> 52:27.620 +And i'm not going to subscribe to + +52:29.780 --> 52:33.940 +To dr. Drew. I don't think it'll get me in anyway. It's too late + +52:35.300 --> 52:38.740 +Uh, let's finish this. This is our work. This is our work + +52:38.740 --> 52:48.260 +We're up even up in here + +52:49.140 --> 52:51.140 +Rugs and this is the structure of it. It has these three rings + +52:51.860 --> 52:56.660 +And when karstin corth added one micromolar this amount he still saw these protease resistant bands + +52:57.140 --> 53:01.460 +This so the different the three bands are the ones with no sugars one sugar chain and two sugar chains + +53:01.460 --> 53:04.020 +They're showing a little better here. So two sugar chains one and none + +53:04.660 --> 53:06.500 +Or even up in here + +53:06.500 --> 53:11.460 +When he added five times as much chloropromacy and he couldn't see any and ten times as much he still couldn't see any as you would expect + +53:13.380 --> 53:15.940 +And when he had done the first experiments and showed them to me + +53:15.940 --> 53:20.500 +I said go back and look at some of these other psychoactive drugs like how apparel which doesn't do anything in similar concentrations + +53:21.060 --> 53:28.180 +And he did that now keep in mind what he's talking about here now. He's talking about chemicals that have anti-psychotic + +53:29.780 --> 53:33.380 +Properties that are used to treat dementia + +53:33.380 --> 53:37.300 +Demented people + +53:38.580 --> 53:43.780 +Which is the joke he made at the beginning of the talk that you can go back and see in the previous episode + +53:45.540 --> 53:53.620 +Think about that for a minute because now he's testing whether or not these compounds have any effect on the presence of or the degradation of + +53:54.180 --> 53:57.940 +The prion protein which is a really weird thing to test + +54:00.260 --> 54:02.260 +And he looked at many of them as you see on this chart + +54:03.460 --> 54:07.620 +And then I said to him karsten why in the world did you come with me to show me the first experiments? + +54:08.180 --> 54:10.580 +And what the background of karsten corth was that he + +54:11.300 --> 54:16.580 +In his late 30s had done a psychiatry residency and decided he wanted to go into molecular biology and began to work with a former postdoctoral fellow of mine + +54:16.580 --> 54:23.860 +Bruno ersh in Zurich and when Bruno left the university of Zurich to start a biotech company karsten wanted to stay in academic medicine and came here + +54:24.500 --> 54:29.940 +And I had been telling karsten for about a year and a half that he should solve one of the major problems of psychiatry like schizophrenia or bipolar disorders or autism + +54:30.820 --> 54:33.620 +And he looked at me and he said to answer my question + +54:33.620 --> 54:34.660 +Why did you do these experiments? + +54:34.660 --> 54:37.940 +And he said well you've been telling me to connect my work on prions with psychiatry for two years now + +54:37.940 --> 54:40.580 +And so I threw in chlorpromazine or thorazine into the culture + +54:40.980 --> 54:47.380 +Well the karsten's credit he went back and began to look at the literature in detail and all of this really begins with the German dye industry in + +54:47.380 --> 54:53.220 +Paul Erlich in 1891 who was using methylene blue as a weak anti-malarial substance and then through this pathway eventually these + +54:53.620 --> 54:56.780 +These more potent anti-malarials were synthesized and chlorpromazine + +54:56.860 --> 55:02.540 +Which really had marked anti-psychotic effects and chlorpromazine was the first drug to begin to empty out the insane asylums throughout the world + +55:04.460 --> 55:06.940 +In the 1930s the Germans synthesized + +55:07.460 --> 55:10.620 +Quinecrin and this turned out to be a potent anti-malarial drug + +55:10.620 --> 55:12.380 +But it had many more side effects than quinine + +55:12.380 --> 55:16.660 +But there wasn't enough quinine for use in World War two because it's extracted from the bark of the jacona tree + +55:16.660 --> 55:20.660 +And there wasn't a chemist in the world who was smart enough to figure out the structure and then how to synthesize it + +55:20.900 --> 55:24.380 +Until Robert Woodward did this at Harvard in the late 1940s + +55:25.300 --> 55:30.900 +So quininecrin was given to thousand I should say three million young Americans in World War two + +55:30.900 --> 55:32.900 +So we know a lot about quininecrin pharmacology + +55:32.900 --> 55:37.660 +And what karsten corth found was that quininecrin was ten times more potent than chlorpromazine + +55:38.660 --> 55:41.660 +So each so instead of this being a ten not being a five + +55:41.660 --> 55:44.900 +That's a one and point five and point one and the structure is very similar + +55:46.340 --> 55:51.300 +And when karsten corth treated these cultures for six days if he added enough chlorpromazine + +55:51.380 --> 55:57.220 +He found that there was no return of these protease resistant bands. This is this is the band as I said before that has two sugar chains one and none + +56:00.460 --> 56:05.900 +And because quininecrin has a 70-year history of the treatment of parasitic diseases the toxicities are well documented + +56:05.980 --> 56:10.780 +Bruce Miller and Michael Geshwin and I and a number of other people have been involved in this in the School of Pharmacy here + +56:12.500 --> 56:15.300 +We applied for an IND a new drug + +56:16.100 --> 56:21.860 +Investigation license from the FDA and we were able to skip what are called phases one and two of these typical clinical trials which amount to + +56:22.780 --> 56:28.260 +Tens of millions of dollars normally and we began to load patients with one gram followed by 300 milligrams daily + +56:28.260 --> 56:32.260 +And in a minority of patients what we've seen we believe and it's not just us + +56:32.260 --> 56:34.700 +It's many neurologists who are in contact with us throughout the world + +56:34.700 --> 56:40.420 +But we've not seen all these patients because we're hoping that we will get an NIH study funded over the next four or five months + +56:40.420 --> 56:44.980 +And that this study will provide us the funding we need to really look at all the patients throughout the world who are on quininecrin + +56:45.340 --> 56:50.580 +But it's our impression in that of a number of other neurologists that in a minority of CJD patients the disease is slowed by quininecrin + +56:50.580 --> 56:54.140 +And in a few CJD patients with quininecrin who have died later + +56:54.140 --> 56:59.780 +Steve Diarmidus found that there are lower levels of PRP scraping they seem to be reduced to almost zero + +57:00.580 --> 57:03.980 +Compared to what is generally found now the problem is that we have so few patients in this group + +57:04.300 --> 57:09.300 +We've been able to obtain these autopsies that we just don't know at this point the second issue is that + +57:10.180 --> 57:12.100 +In addition to not knowing + +57:12.140 --> 57:17.140 +There are some patients where we even have more doubts. These are the patients who get dramatically better on quininecrin and those patients + +57:17.140 --> 57:19.420 +I think it's good scientists. We're not even sure that they have CJD + +57:21.260 --> 57:24.500 +So we need a much more controlled study we don't want to fool ourselves + +57:25.020 --> 57:29.180 +Because you can't know that they have CJD until after they die, right? + +57:29.180 --> 57:32.540 +So that's a really actually very nice admission + +57:32.540 --> 57:35.580 +So what I've been telling you tonight is that sporadic and infectious forms of these diseases + +57:35.580 --> 57:38.980 +It's the wild type or normal form of PRPC that's converted into PRP scraping + +57:39.020 --> 57:44.580 +So this is an infectious form of the disease that's transmission from an animal to a man or from man-to-man or animal to animal + +57:44.580 --> 57:48.300 +In the sporadic form of the disease accounts for 90 85 to 90 percent of all cases + +57:48.300 --> 57:51.940 +We think it's a spontaneous conversion of PRPC into PRP scraping or as I told you before + +57:51.940 --> 57:56.420 +This is a kinetic race and that there are small amounts of PRP scraping all of us that are normally cleared + +57:56.420 --> 57:58.260 +So he has two models + +57:58.260 --> 58:05.660 +One is that it just misfolds and then you're screwed and the other one is is that it's always misfolding and it's a race to get rid of the degradation + +58:06.100 --> 58:08.100 +And are they gonna test it? + +58:08.220 --> 58:13.780 +Are they gonna use that to make any predictions either one of those models make any predictions that are testable? + +58:13.780 --> 58:19.660 +Are you just gonna leave it sit right there? Those are two very very mutually exclusive + +58:22.980 --> 58:29.060 +Powerful models they make very powerful predictions about how this should or should not work + +58:29.900 --> 58:31.900 +It's very bizarre + +58:31.980 --> 58:36.060 +In the inherited forms of these diseases, it's a germline mutation passed from parental offspring + +58:37.820 --> 58:42.940 +There are a whole series of new ideas that have come out of this the fact that that prions are infectious proteins is totally new + +58:42.940 --> 58:49.340 +This is unlike all other infectious agents prions cause brain degeneration. They cause sporadic genetic and infectious forms of these diseases + +58:49.340 --> 58:52.980 +There's no other disease paradigm in which you have both genetic and infectious diseases + +58:53.500 --> 58:58.740 +And prions are the most well understood among all the neurodegenerative diseases which include of course Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease + +58:58.900 --> 59:06.580 +So he's saying that they actually understand prion diseases better than the others understand Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Wow + +59:06.580 --> 59:08.580 +I mean wow + +59:09.140 --> 59:13.340 +That's impressive because I don't think I'm convinced not from this talk + +59:14.020 --> 59:20.980 +I'm not convinced that prions are infectious proteins yet. I'm not convinced that they cause brain degeneration + +59:20.980 --> 59:25.420 +I think they they can trigger it, but they don't do it + +59:26.300 --> 59:31.980 +Prions cause sporadic genetic and infectious diseases and humans and animals we think + +59:32.300 --> 59:36.620 +It's a hypothesis that has definitely not been proven as far as I can tell + +59:36.940 --> 59:43.820 +Not if you have to inject it into the brain of the animal and they don't do it by ingestion because all of the things that we see + +59:44.380 --> 59:50.580 +With kuru is ingestion with with the cattle was feeding cattle other cattle even said it + +59:51.460 --> 59:53.460 +Shh + +59:54.340 --> 59:57.100 +There are many thousands of times more common than the prion diseases + +59:57.700 --> 01:00:01.100 +Now it's the discovery of prions in many other new findings which allows us now + +01:00:01.100 --> 01:00:04.700 +I think to define neurodegenerative diseases in terms of their cause not the effect + +01:00:05.060 --> 01:00:10.860 +So we can I think we all most people would agree now that degenerative diseases of the nervous system are disorders of a parent protein processing + +01:00:10.860 --> 01:00:16.740 +Wow, so I think most people would agree that is that an illusion of consensus to you or is am I what? + +01:00:16.740 --> 01:00:23.180 +Wow, that is spectacular the proteins are being processed abnormally + +01:00:24.260 --> 01:00:26.820 +They give you a little idea of the numbers of cases in the United + +01:00:26.820 --> 01:00:29.020 +So we have 400 cases of prion disease annually in the US + +01:00:29.020 --> 01:00:35.300 +But there are four million people without Alzheimer's disease about a million with Parkinson's disease and about 20,000 with ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease + +01:00:36.100 --> 01:00:38.100 +So these are huge numbers + +01:00:38.740 --> 01:00:44.380 +Good night, Jeff. No, there are many many similarities between these diseases what we see are these abnormal protein deposits + +01:00:44.380 --> 01:00:47.260 +I showed you PRP scraping in the brain and I showed you these PRP amyloid plaques + +01:00:47.380 --> 01:00:51.980 +Well, the brains look very similar if we're not using if we use antibodies, but with these are different proteins now + +01:00:51.980 --> 01:00:53.900 +But the structures look very similar in Alzheimer's disease + +01:00:54.260 --> 01:00:56.580 +There's slightly different in Parkinson's disease and ALS + +01:00:56.780 --> 01:00:58.780 +But what's so interesting about all of these is that? + +01:00:59.260 --> 01:01:06.220 +The mutations in the genes that we find in familial forms of the disease encode the proteins that are found in these protein deposits + +01:01:06.220 --> 01:01:08.220 +Except here. This is less clear with ALS + +01:01:09.220 --> 01:01:15.020 +So the accumulation of misprocessed proteins causes the nervous system malfunction resulting in problems such as dementia + +01:01:15.020 --> 01:01:18.100 +We're back to this word Alan difficulty moving and weakness and + +01:01:19.140 --> 01:01:25.340 +Preventing the accumulation of you know, I'm in theory all down with that because one of the reasons why he says is because + +01:01:25.940 --> 01:01:31.980 +The protein plaques form and then also a lot of times that same protein has some mutation + +01:01:32.540 --> 01:01:37.700 +Which seems to sort with these familial disorders and to the extent to which that's true + +01:01:38.140 --> 01:01:44.620 +That could be useful. But again, remember that's not true with amyloid anymore. They don't think that's the case anymore + +01:01:45.020 --> 01:01:50.180 +They went crazy on it, but then they found out one of these papers wasn't right + +01:01:51.180 --> 01:01:57.020 +And so that just recently happened, right? Maybe we should all look into that a little bit so we understand exactly + +01:01:57.900 --> 01:02:05.420 +How much of this, you know, amyloid disease amyloid beta is is amyl is Alzheimer's disease is true or not a + +01:02:07.020 --> 01:02:15.460 +Lot of these are also just their observations of correlation. Yes, they're there, but are they present? Are they responsible? Are they? + +01:02:16.540 --> 01:02:19.020 +Downstream consequences of whatever's going on here + +01:02:19.020 --> 01:02:22.980 +I don't think we understand these as well as he's in these protein deposits, but I agree + +01:02:22.980 --> 01:02:28.860 +I still agree that it has to do with these proteins perhaps misfolding. That's okay with me, but again + +01:02:30.500 --> 01:02:36.180 +Pre-on proteins are we're supposed to be told that well, you know, you can engineer a spike protein it can have + +01:02:37.060 --> 01:02:39.220 +pre-onogenic sequences and that + +01:02:39.740 --> 01:02:47.820 +This kind of thing can happen now. That's not the same as this. These are very specific proteins that again, we have not + +01:02:47.820 --> 01:02:56.780 +Just because that sequence is different have we demonstrated that those are the so that's all all this work needs to be done + +01:02:56.780 --> 01:02:58.780 +It's less clear with ALS + +01:03:00.140 --> 01:03:05.180 +So the accumulation of misprocessed proteins causes the nervous system malfunction resulting in problems such as dementia + +01:03:05.180 --> 01:03:08.180 +We're back to this word on difficulty moving and weakness and + +01:03:09.300 --> 01:03:15.620 +Preventing the accumulation of these misprocessing protein provide proteins provides I think for the first time a rational approach to treating degenerative diseases + +01:03:15.620 --> 01:03:24.100 +Yes, so and and so we've done lots of things to get rid of the amyloid beta to get rid of these plaques and it doesn't help these people + +01:03:25.980 --> 01:03:27.820 +It oftentimes makes it worse + +01:03:27.820 --> 01:03:33.700 +It's not clear that this is the way to go and the only way to do that is with an immune response of course, which is again + +01:03:34.500 --> 01:03:37.220 +Something we're not prepared to augment nervous system + +01:03:38.780 --> 01:03:40.780 +There's a little summary of CJD + +01:03:41.660 --> 01:03:46.300 +And what went on as I told you I my introduction to this was a patient in 1972 here at UCSF + +01:03:46.300 --> 01:03:52.780 +And that it was 1921 when six patients were described and this disease was thrown into a waste basket a degenerative disorders of a nervous system + +01:03:52.980 --> 01:03:58.380 +But it came out of the waste basket in 1968 when Carlton Gajasek and Joe Gibbs working at the NIH along with a number of collaborators + +01:03:58.580 --> 01:04:01.020 +Transmitted the disease into apes and later into monkeys + +01:04:03.180 --> 01:04:06.380 +Preons and how did they do that they injected it directly in the brain? + +01:04:06.380 --> 01:04:13.020 +I imagine like, you know some preparation unlike all other infectious pathogens viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi, parasites + +01:04:13.020 --> 01:04:17.220 +All of which multiply by having an RNA or DNA genome direct the synthesis + +01:04:17.420 --> 01:04:23.960 +Interesting that they don't say anything about phage here even though that's one of the most common forms of viruses not one + +01:04:24.820 --> 01:04:31.220 +No mention of bacteriophage here at all. That is a gigantic red flag + +01:04:32.220 --> 01:04:39.220 +No mention of bacteriophage here at all. Why would I care about bacteriophage? Well, let's see. Let's get out of this + +01:04:40.220 --> 01:04:42.220 +And let's go back to the beginning + +01:04:43.220 --> 01:04:45.220 +Let's take a look at this + +01:04:46.220 --> 01:04:48.220 +And current slide just to give you + +01:04:50.220 --> 01:04:52.220 +An example of what's going on here + +01:04:52.220 --> 01:04:59.220 +There's a bacteriophage right there on the third live podcast at the beginning of the pandemic of the Dark Horse podcast + +01:04:59.220 --> 01:05:04.220 +with Brett Bandana and glasses himself + +01:05:05.220 --> 01:05:07.220 +And right there + +01:05:07.220 --> 01:05:13.220 +Conspicuously at the front of the podcast is a coffee cup with a bacteriophage on it + +01:05:13.220 --> 01:05:20.220 +Isn't that weird because it doesn't seem like he really doesn't think that bacteriophages are actually a thing + +01:05:20.220 --> 01:05:26.220 +Phages are maybe he goofs it in with the viruses, but that would be very disingenuous because + +01:05:26.220 --> 01:05:28.220 +Phages are everywhere + +01:05:30.220 --> 01:05:37.220 +Even the no virus people even the no virus people acknowledge that bacteriophages exist isn't that cool + +01:05:37.220 --> 01:05:41.220 +Isn't that funny and he doesn't exogenous at all + +01:05:41.220 --> 01:05:46.220 +Strange the progeny pathogens. It's only prions which contain only a protein + +01:05:46.220 --> 01:05:50.220 +And they co-opt a normal form of that protein to produce more of the misfolded form + +01:05:50.220 --> 01:05:52.220 +PRP scraping + +01:05:52.220 --> 01:05:55.220 +Now all of this like what I'm telling you seem like science fiction to a lot of people + +01:05:56.220 --> 01:05:58.220 +And about seven or eight years ago + +01:05:58.220 --> 01:06:02.220 +I was a meeting in New Mexico and I was hearing everything that I was been saying + +01:06:02.220 --> 01:06:04.220 +But it was being said by somebody else + +01:06:04.220 --> 01:06:08.220 +And I looked at a good friend of mine, Hilary Keprowski, and I said Hilary this is really unbelievable + +01:06:08.220 --> 01:06:11.220 +This guy even thinks he'd found all of this and Hilary said + +01:06:11.220 --> 01:06:15.220 +I'm sorry, what did you just what excuse me what? Holy shit, what? + +01:06:15.220 --> 01:06:18.220 +Did you hear that Mark? + +01:06:18.220 --> 01:06:20.220 +Mark? + +01:06:20.220 --> 01:06:23.220 +Did you hear what he just said? + +01:06:23.220 --> 01:06:25.220 +Holy shit balls + +01:06:25.220 --> 01:06:28.220 +I mean this is red alert time + +01:06:28.220 --> 01:06:31.220 +And Hilary Keprowski and I said Hilary this is really unbelievable + +01:06:31.220 --> 01:06:32.220 +What? + +01:06:32.220 --> 01:06:34.220 +Seriously what? + +01:06:34.220 --> 01:06:35.220 +Here we go + +01:06:35.220 --> 01:06:37.220 +And I was hearing everything that I had been saying + +01:06:37.220 --> 01:06:39.220 +But it was being said by somebody else + +01:06:39.220 --> 01:06:42.220 +And I looked at a good friend of mine, Hilary Keprowski, and I said + +01:06:42.220 --> 01:06:44.220 +Hilary this is really unbelievable + +01:06:44.220 --> 01:06:45.220 +What? + +01:06:45.220 --> 01:06:47.220 +Seriously what? + +01:06:47.220 --> 01:06:48.220 +Here we go + +01:06:48.220 --> 01:06:50.220 +And I was hearing everything that I had been saying + +01:06:50.220 --> 01:06:52.220 +But it was being said by somebody else + +01:06:52.220 --> 01:06:54.220 +Hilary + +01:06:54.220 --> 01:06:57.220 +My good friend Hilary Keprowski + +01:06:59.220 --> 01:07:03.220 +Mark Coolax got some information and stories and connections + +01:07:03.220 --> 01:07:05.220 +Hilary Keprowski + +01:07:05.220 --> 01:07:07.220 +Stanley Plotkin + +01:07:09.220 --> 01:07:12.220 +This goes back right to the + +01:07:12.220 --> 01:07:17.220 +I mean all these people, Gallo, they're all in the same little group of white haired men or whatever + +01:07:17.220 --> 01:07:19.220 +It's absolutely incredible + +01:07:19.220 --> 01:07:21.220 +And all of this + +01:07:21.220 --> 01:07:23.220 +And Hilary said I've got a slide for you, I'll send it to you + +01:07:23.220 --> 01:07:26.220 +So he sent me this slide about the four stages of adopting a new idea + +01:07:26.220 --> 01:07:27.220 +The reaction at first is it's impossible + +01:07:27.220 --> 01:07:30.220 +Second, maybe it's possible but it's weak and uninteresting + +01:07:30.220 --> 01:07:31.220 +Third, it's true and I told you so + +01:07:31.220 --> 01:07:33.220 +And the fourth one you can read + +01:07:33.220 --> 01:07:35.220 +Now there's another way of thinking about this + +01:07:35.220 --> 01:07:39.220 +And Lou Thomas, who was the director at Sloan Kettering in New York for many years + +01:07:39.220 --> 01:07:40.220 +was also + +01:07:40.220 --> 01:07:44.220 +Now he's quoting a director from Sloan Kettering + +01:07:44.220 --> 01:07:47.220 +Are you giving me, is this a joke? + +01:07:48.220 --> 01:07:52.220 +I mean what is happening here is this some kind of Christmas gift + +01:07:52.220 --> 01:07:55.220 +I never thought I would get to open what's going on + +01:07:55.220 --> 01:07:57.220 +There's another way of thinking about this + +01:07:57.220 --> 01:08:00.220 +And Lou Thomas, who was the director at Sloan Kettering in New York for many years + +01:08:00.220 --> 01:08:02.220 +was also a brilliant writer + +01:08:02.220 --> 01:08:06.220 +And in a book called Lives of the Cell in 1974 he wrote an essay about research + +01:08:06.220 --> 01:08:08.220 +And these are a couple paragraphs + +01:08:08.220 --> 01:08:11.220 +Somehow the atmosphere has to be set so that a disquieting sense of being wrong + +01:08:11.220 --> 01:08:13.220 +is the normal attitude of the investigators + +01:08:13.220 --> 01:08:15.220 +It has to be taken for granted that the only way in is by writing the + +01:08:15.220 --> 01:08:17.220 +unencumbered human imagination + +01:08:17.220 --> 01:08:20.220 +With a special rigor required for recognizing that something can be highly improbable + +01:08:20.220 --> 01:08:23.220 +May be almost impossible and at the same time true + +01:08:23.220 --> 01:08:26.220 +Locally, a good way to tell how the work is going is to listen in the corridors + +01:08:26.220 --> 01:08:29.220 +If you hear the word impossible, spoken with an expletive, followed by laughter + +01:08:29.220 --> 01:08:32.220 +You will know somebody's orderly research plan is coming along nicely + +01:08:32.220 --> 01:08:34.220 +Now that's a lot of words + +01:08:34.220 --> 01:08:37.220 +And if you're Winston Churchill you can describe all this in many fewer words + +01:08:37.220 --> 01:08:39.220 +This is 1936 in the House of Parliament + +01:08:39.220 --> 01:08:42.220 +He's talking about Hitler and evaluating the Rhineland + +01:08:42.220 --> 01:08:44.220 +And he says to Stanley Baldwin in the House of Commons + +01:08:44.220 --> 01:08:46.220 +Men occasionally stumble across the truth + +01:08:46.220 --> 01:08:48.220 +But most pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened + +01:08:48.220 --> 01:08:50.220 +And with that I'll end, thank you + +01:08:50.220 --> 01:08:54.220 +So the question is do prions trigger the immune system? + +01:08:54.220 --> 01:08:55.220 +And the answer is no + +01:08:55.220 --> 01:08:59.220 +And the reason that we think that they don't is that PRPC is present in all of us + +01:08:59.220 --> 01:09:05.220 +And we are tolerant to antibodies and also to immune cells that specifically recognize PRPC + +01:09:05.220 --> 01:09:07.220 +And there are very few regions on PRPC + +01:09:07.220 --> 01:09:10.220 +In fact we've not been able to identify any looking for more than ten years now + +01:09:10.220 --> 01:09:13.220 +That are present on PRPC to which antibodies are formed + +01:09:13.220 --> 01:09:15.220 +That are not present on PRPC + +01:09:15.220 --> 01:09:18.220 +We found others, as I told you about before, where a region is exposed on PRPC + +01:09:18.220 --> 01:09:20.220 +But now becomes buried in PRPC + +01:09:20.220 --> 01:09:22.220 +But that doesn't generate a new antigenic region + +01:09:22.220 --> 01:09:25.220 +Wow, think about how much of a claim that is + +01:09:25.220 --> 01:09:28.220 +That goes against everything that we know about the immune system + +01:09:28.220 --> 01:09:34.220 +That it can't make antibodies specific for prion protein scrappy + +01:09:34.220 --> 01:09:37.220 +It can only make antibodies that recognize both + +01:09:37.220 --> 01:09:41.220 +It can make antibodies that don't recognize prion scrappy + +01:09:41.220 --> 01:09:42.220 +But they don't + +01:09:42.220 --> 01:09:45.220 +That's an incredible claim, that is an abs + +01:09:45.220 --> 01:09:48.220 +And you heard me ask that question earlier in the talk + +01:09:48.220 --> 01:09:51.220 +Like why don't they make antibodies that I think I asked that in the first half + +01:09:51.220 --> 01:09:53.220 +Holy cow + +01:09:53.220 --> 01:09:54.220 +There can be an immune response + +01:09:54.220 --> 01:09:57.220 +And in fact a tremendous step forward in making all of these antibodies + +01:09:57.220 --> 01:10:01.220 +Was created when a collaborative study that we were involved in + +01:10:01.220 --> 01:10:03.220 +With Charles Weissman and Zurich produced knockout mice + +01:10:03.220 --> 01:10:06.220 +In which the prion protein gene of a mouse could be knocked out + +01:10:06.220 --> 01:10:08.220 +These mice are totally resistant to prion disease + +01:10:08.220 --> 01:10:10.220 +And when we immunize these mice + +01:10:10.220 --> 01:10:16.220 +So what does the prion protein do if you can knock the protein out and the mouse is fine? + +01:10:16.220 --> 01:10:19.220 +Because that's not true for very many proteins + +01:10:19.220 --> 01:10:22.220 +Strange, huh? + +01:10:22.220 --> 01:10:25.220 +With the prion protein they form huge numbers of antibodies + +01:10:25.220 --> 01:10:29.220 +In contrast to normal mice which form very few or no antibodies + +01:10:29.220 --> 01:10:32.220 +And if I'm no antibodies, if it's a mouse prion protein + +01:10:32.220 --> 01:10:34.220 +Are you hearing this shit? + +01:10:34.220 --> 01:10:38.220 +He's telling you that when that animal doesn't have that gene + +01:10:38.220 --> 01:10:41.220 +That they produce more antibodies to the prion protein + +01:10:41.220 --> 01:10:46.220 +Which makes them un-susceptible to the prion protein + +01:10:49.220 --> 01:10:53.220 +He's telling you that antibodies play a role in + +01:10:58.220 --> 01:11:01.220 +But they've been unable to generate antibodies to the prion protein + +01:11:01.220 --> 01:11:03.220 +That's specific for the prion protein + +01:11:03.220 --> 01:11:08.220 +They're just generating antibodies to the endogenous epitopes + +01:11:08.220 --> 01:11:11.220 +That are exposed in the endogenous form + +01:11:11.220 --> 01:11:14.220 +Do you see the hand waving is extraordinary? + +01:11:14.220 --> 01:11:19.220 +I do not believe the papers support these as being firm conclusions + +01:11:19.220 --> 01:11:25.220 +But it's extraordinary the kind of exceptional biology + +01:11:25.220 --> 01:11:28.220 +The number of exceptions that we need to make + +01:11:28.220 --> 01:11:31.220 +In order for this to be true + +01:11:35.220 --> 01:11:37.220 +Now is these mice with the prion protein + +01:11:37.220 --> 01:11:39.220 +They form huge numbers of antibodies + +01:11:39.220 --> 01:11:42.220 +In contrast to normal mice which form very few or no antibodies + +01:11:42.220 --> 01:11:46.220 +That is a absolute + +01:11:46.220 --> 01:11:48.220 +It's a mouse model of the disease + +01:11:48.220 --> 01:11:51.220 +That he's saying that if you don't have the prion protein + +01:11:51.220 --> 01:11:54.220 +Then you can make antibodies to the scraping protein + +01:11:54.220 --> 01:11:56.220 +And then you won't get it + +01:11:56.220 --> 01:12:00.220 +And so one of the reasons and the way to understand + +01:12:00.220 --> 01:12:04.220 +That this works is that we could respond to you here + +01:12:04.220 --> 01:12:06.220 +Wait, it's coming, you see + +01:12:06.220 --> 01:12:10.220 +They're going to treat prion disease with antibodies + +01:12:10.220 --> 01:12:12.220 +That's what he's proposing here + +01:12:12.220 --> 01:12:15.220 +And that we should use money and grant proposals + +01:12:15.220 --> 01:12:19.220 +To find the antibodies which we could use to fight prion disease + +01:12:19.220 --> 01:12:21.220 +Antibodies, you know antibodies + +01:12:21.220 --> 01:12:24.220 +The things that they fight all these other diseases with + +01:12:24.220 --> 01:12:28.220 +That they want to produce as the perfect + +01:12:28.220 --> 01:12:32.220 +Inject it in your soldiers and your immune for 30 days + +01:12:32.220 --> 01:12:35.220 +Kind of thing, it's a little cludgy but it works + +01:12:35.220 --> 01:12:38.220 +And if I'm no antibodies if it's a mouse prion protein + +01:12:38.220 --> 01:12:40.220 +If it's a human they might form one + +01:12:40.220 --> 01:12:41.220 +So the immune system + +01:12:41.220 --> 01:12:45.220 +So they could easily use an mRNA to generate the prion antibodies + +01:12:45.220 --> 01:12:48.220 +That they say are found in this mouse + +01:12:48.220 --> 01:12:51.220 +But aren't found in any animals that have the prion protein + +01:12:51.220 --> 01:12:53.220 +Then it would be a cell protein + +01:12:53.220 --> 01:12:55.220 +So, wow! + +01:12:55.220 --> 01:12:57.220 +Quiet in these diseases + +01:12:57.220 --> 01:13:00.220 +Well, alright, so the question is very technical + +01:13:00.220 --> 01:13:03.220 +Is the normal form of the prion protein the kinetic product + +01:13:03.220 --> 01:13:05.220 +Or a kinetically trapped molecule and that + +01:13:05.220 --> 01:13:09.220 +This scraping form is a thermodynamically more stable protein + +01:13:09.220 --> 01:13:12.220 +And the answer is probably yes, but we're not sure + +01:13:12.220 --> 01:13:16.220 +So the normal form of the prion protein is on the surface + +01:13:16.220 --> 01:13:19.220 +And that's where it's converted into PRP scraping + +01:13:19.220 --> 01:13:21.220 +And how much of it remains there we don't know + +01:13:21.220 --> 01:13:24.220 +In some experiments by Stevie Arman where he fractionates these cells + +01:13:24.220 --> 01:13:27.220 +So he grinds them up and looks for the membrane fraction that's found on the surface + +01:13:27.220 --> 01:13:30.220 +He finds as much as 60% of the scraping form + +01:13:30.220 --> 01:13:33.220 +The abnormal form is in the plasma membrane fraction + +01:13:33.220 --> 01:13:36.220 +Others suggest that it's much less than that, so I don't really know + +01:13:36.220 --> 01:13:38.220 +But he's probably right + +01:13:38.220 --> 01:13:40.220 +So the question is what is the mechanism of action of quinocrine? + +01:13:40.220 --> 01:13:43.220 +And how does it work on patients with CJD and new variants CJD? + +01:13:43.220 --> 01:13:44.220 +And the answer is we don't know + +01:13:44.220 --> 01:13:46.220 +Initially I thought what we should do is spend a lot of time + +01:13:46.220 --> 01:13:48.220 +Several years probably to track that down and understand it + +01:13:48.220 --> 01:13:50.220 +Before we would do anything further + +01:13:50.220 --> 01:13:52.220 +But when I realized that the concentrations were close + +01:13:52.220 --> 01:13:54.220 +Probably only off by a factor of 10 to 50 + +01:13:54.220 --> 01:13:56.220 +From what an ideal drug would be + +01:13:56.220 --> 01:13:59.220 +We decided to spend a lot of effort starting giving this to people + +01:13:59.220 --> 01:14:03.220 +But we're also now slowly starting to investigate the mechanism of action + +01:14:03.220 --> 01:14:05.220 +I'm sure many other people are doing that too + +01:14:05.220 --> 01:14:10.220 +Alright, so TSE is a term called transmissible spongiform encephalopathy + +01:14:10.220 --> 01:14:13.220 +It's a term I don't particularly like, but maybe that's because other people use it all the time + +01:14:13.220 --> 01:14:16.220 +And the reason I don't like it is that many of these diseases + +01:14:16.220 --> 01:14:18.220 +There's very little spongiform change + +01:14:18.220 --> 01:14:22.220 +But this is a term that really refers to the diseases caused by prions specifically + +01:14:22.220 --> 01:14:26.220 +And the other neurodegenerative diseases are not classified as prion diseases + +01:14:26.220 --> 01:14:29.220 +Or as TSE diseases + +01:14:29.220 --> 01:14:31.220 +They're classified as neurodegenerative diseases + +01:14:31.220 --> 01:14:33.220 +For instance Alzheimer's disease is distinguished + +01:14:33.220 --> 01:14:36.220 +From the prion diseases by the fact that there's a different set of proteins that are involved + +01:14:36.220 --> 01:14:39.220 +And all attempts to really transmit the disease have failed so far + +01:14:39.220 --> 01:14:42.220 +That doesn't mean it won't be transmissible in the proper animal model + +01:14:42.220 --> 01:14:44.220 +But it's not transmissible in a natural setting + +01:14:45.220 --> 01:14:47.220 +See, they're trying to transmit it though + +01:14:47.220 --> 01:14:49.220 +Think about that for a second + +01:14:53.220 --> 01:14:56.220 +And why would they be doing that? Because they're testing this model + +01:14:56.220 --> 01:15:00.220 +Or they're trying to find examples that seem to indicate that this model would work + +01:15:00.220 --> 01:15:02.220 +How do they test it? They probably inject the shit + +01:15:02.220 --> 01:15:04.220 +It's crazy + +01:15:04.220 --> 01:15:08.220 +I don't know how the spongiform change comes about + +01:15:08.220 --> 01:15:11.220 +What we find is that the vacuals + +01:15:12.220 --> 01:15:14.220 +That the more prp scraper there is, the more vaculation there is + +01:15:14.220 --> 01:15:16.220 +So this is correlation between prp scrapers + +01:15:16.220 --> 01:15:18.220 +They want nothing to do with the immune system + +01:15:18.220 --> 01:15:20.220 +If they had anything to do with the immune system + +01:15:20.220 --> 01:15:23.220 +It's immediately a black box that they can't penetrate + +01:15:23.220 --> 01:15:25.220 +So they have to stay away from it + +01:15:25.220 --> 01:15:29.220 +How is the spongiform tissue phenotype formed? + +01:15:29.220 --> 01:15:31.220 +They don't know, of course it's the immune system + +01:15:31.220 --> 01:15:34.220 +Excuse me, prp scraped deposition and the vacuals that are formed + +01:15:34.220 --> 01:15:37.220 +But the mechanism by which the vacuals are formed, I don't understand + +01:15:37.220 --> 01:15:40.220 +Something happens to the signaling mechanisms in the cells + +01:15:40.220 --> 01:15:43.220 +And whether that happens because prp scrapes on the surface + +01:15:43.220 --> 01:15:48.220 +Or whether it's deep in the cell and it mucks up the signaling mechanisms + +01:15:48.220 --> 01:15:50.220 +I don't know, that's a very simplistic answer + +01:15:50.220 --> 01:15:52.220 +Who a very complicated question, but I can't answer it + +01:15:52.220 --> 01:15:55.220 +So the question is, what is the function of prp? + +01:15:55.220 --> 01:15:58.220 +We all have a gene for prp, we all make the protein, prpc + +01:15:58.220 --> 01:16:01.220 +And what is its function and the answer is we don't know its function + +01:16:01.220 --> 01:16:03.220 +And we don't know the function of its brother or sister, papal + +01:16:03.220 --> 01:16:05.220 +We just don't know + +01:16:06.220 --> 01:16:13.220 +No, so the question is, why is it that in Britain + +01:16:13.220 --> 01:16:16.220 +People with new variants CJD are in their teens and early 20s + +01:16:16.220 --> 01:16:18.220 +For the most part, and the answer is we don't have any idea + +01:16:18.220 --> 01:16:22.220 +For a long time I thought that this was really a clue to the fact that + +01:16:22.220 --> 01:16:25.220 +Disease was unconnected to the cows and that there was some other mechanism + +01:16:25.220 --> 01:16:29.220 +But I threw that idea away once we had all this transgenic mouse data + +01:16:29.220 --> 01:16:32.220 +And the answer is I don't have any idea why they're so young + +01:16:32.220 --> 01:16:33.220 +I just don't know + +01:16:33.220 --> 01:16:35.220 +One patient who's 70, another who's 50 + +01:16:35.220 --> 01:16:37.220 +But the vast majority of these people are under 40 + +01:16:39.220 --> 01:16:43.220 +So the first part of this question is, how did this all start in cows? + +01:16:43.220 --> 01:16:47.220 +And the second question is, how do prions make it through your brain from your gut? + +01:16:47.220 --> 01:16:50.220 +So how did prion disease start? + +01:16:50.220 --> 01:16:54.220 +And I think most people were reasonably well convinced that it began with sheep + +01:16:54.220 --> 01:16:57.220 +Because scrapes and stomach in Britain, it's been there for hundreds of years + +01:16:57.220 --> 01:17:00.220 +And it came from the sheep, but nobody knows the exact statistics + +01:17:00.220 --> 01:17:03.220 +People who are farmers tend to get rid of their animals when they're not doing well + +01:17:03.220 --> 01:17:06.220 +And the easiest way to get rid of them is to get them into the human food chain + +01:17:06.220 --> 01:17:09.220 +Not to burn them up, because they don't get any money for that + +01:17:09.220 --> 01:17:13.220 +So we don't know how many scrapes sheep enter the human food chain every year in Britain + +01:17:13.220 --> 01:17:15.220 +We have scrapes in the United States, too + +01:17:15.220 --> 01:17:18.220 +Then there was a huge inquiry which you can look up on the Internet + +01:17:18.220 --> 01:17:22.220 +If you have nothing better to do, there are 3,500 pages on this question of how to BSE start + +01:17:22.220 --> 01:17:28.220 +And what happened afterwards was an official inquiry that was created by Tony Blair + +01:17:28.220 --> 01:17:31.220 +And they only allowed the inquiry to go up to the day of his election + +01:17:31.220 --> 01:17:35.220 +So they could look at John Majors with severe eyes, but not at Tony Blair + +01:17:35.220 --> 01:17:39.220 +And that's what this does, it goes up to 1996, and it begins in the late 1970s + +01:17:39.220 --> 01:17:41.220 +In terms of questioning what happened + +01:17:41.220 --> 01:17:46.220 +And in that inquiry, you'll see that they think it began with a spontaneous or sporadic case of mad cow disease somewhere in southern England + +01:17:46.220 --> 01:17:49.220 +I don't think there's a lot of evidence for that, but that's what they hypothesized + +01:17:49.220 --> 01:17:52.220 +So prions are resisted to proteases, as I showed you, or enzyme digestion + +01:17:52.220 --> 01:17:54.220 +Which is what happens to proteins when they enter your gut + +01:17:54.220 --> 01:17:59.220 +If we take animals and we do a study, we find that we need about a billion times more prions + +01:17:59.220 --> 01:18:03.220 +When they're ingested, then if you put a needle in the head of the animal and inject them directly into the brain + +01:18:03.220 --> 01:18:06.220 +I thought it was one protein is all you needed, that's weird + +01:18:06.220 --> 01:18:12.220 +But nevertheless, if we give the animals enough, we give them a billion times more, orally, and they all get sick + +01:18:12.220 --> 01:18:14.220 +And so we presume the prions now cross the gut + +01:18:14.220 --> 01:18:17.220 +If we give them a billion times more, he said, that's hilarious + +01:18:17.220 --> 01:18:19.220 +Probably in the small intestine + +01:18:19.220 --> 01:18:24.220 +And that they multiply in lymphoid cells, and then they go through the brain + +01:18:24.220 --> 01:18:25.220 +Through the blood + +01:18:25.220 --> 01:18:28.220 +The other way we think they can make it to the brain is that they travel backwards + +01:18:28.220 --> 01:18:32.220 +Up the nerves of the gut, called the spinaic nerve bed, into the spinal cord + +01:18:32.220 --> 01:18:36.220 +And then up the spinal cord to the brain + +01:18:36.220 --> 01:18:40.220 +Question is, how do you disinfect scalpels and other medical instruments + +01:18:40.220 --> 01:18:44.220 +Because there have been cases where CJD has been transmitted from one patient to another + +01:18:44.220 --> 01:18:46.220 +By this route + +01:18:46.220 --> 01:18:52.220 +And what I was about to say was that it's very difficult to properly disinfect instruments + +01:18:52.220 --> 01:18:54.220 +And we're working on this now very hard + +01:18:54.220 --> 01:18:56.220 +I guess we have some new approaches that seem to be very useful + +01:18:56.220 --> 01:18:57.220 +And I'm very... + +01:18:57.220 --> 01:18:58.220 +Sure, they'll be patentable + +01:18:58.220 --> 01:19:01.220 +I'm very encouraged that soon we'll be able to do this in a much better way + +01:19:01.220 --> 01:19:02.220 +And it's commonly done + +01:19:02.220 --> 01:19:04.220 +Fortunately, the number of examples of that is still small + +01:19:04.220 --> 01:19:09.220 +But as the number of surgical procedures keeps increasing every year, this may become a bigger and bigger problem + +01:19:09.220 --> 01:19:10.220 +Hopefully we can stop it + +01:19:10.220 --> 01:19:14.220 +The question was, how do these poor cannibals in New Guinea keep on perpetuating their society + +01:19:14.220 --> 01:19:18.220 +Because if they keep eating each other and they keep getting sick with Peru, aren't they all going to die out? + +01:19:18.220 --> 01:19:22.220 +And the answer is that in the late 1950s, as this was starting to... + +01:19:22.220 --> 01:19:25.220 +At that point, in fact, Peru was the most common cause of death in women + +01:19:25.220 --> 01:19:27.220 +This was a society that all men would like to have lived in + +01:19:27.220 --> 01:19:29.220 +Because they never had to do anything, women did absolutely everything + +01:19:29.220 --> 01:19:34.220 +And at that point, the most common cause of death in women was Peru + +01:19:34.220 --> 01:19:37.220 +And they died in their 30s + +01:19:37.220 --> 01:19:39.220 +They virtually never made it to age 40 + +01:19:39.220 --> 01:19:42.220 +So we had generations of young people who were motherless + +01:19:42.220 --> 01:19:45.220 +And it was in the late 1950s that two things happened + +01:19:45.220 --> 01:19:49.220 +One of the missionaries who began to colonize that area told them that nice people don't eat their relatives + +01:19:49.220 --> 01:19:50.220 +Whether they're dead or alive + +01:19:50.220 --> 01:19:55.220 +And these people were eating their dead relatives to really immortalize them + +01:19:55.220 --> 01:19:59.220 +This was their way of immortalizing them through taking their soul, which they believed was in the brain, not in the heart + +01:19:59.220 --> 01:20:02.220 +And the second thing that happened was that the Australian authorities + +01:20:02.220 --> 01:20:06.220 +Who now began to occupy the Highlands of New Guinea, which up until the late 1940s + +01:20:06.220 --> 01:20:09.220 +Had not seen any Western people + +01:20:09.220 --> 01:20:12.220 +And began to occupy that area and they outlawed cannibalism + +01:20:12.220 --> 01:20:14.220 +So that's how these tribes have now survived + +01:20:14.220 --> 01:20:19.220 +And so what you basically have here is very + +01:20:19.220 --> 01:20:21.220 +Let's say + +01:20:21.220 --> 01:20:28.220 +Outland, outlier examples of where protein misfolding can go wrong + +01:20:28.220 --> 01:20:37.220 +And it's usually an autoimmune reaction to exposure to proteins that would normally not be exposed to your systemic + +01:20:38.220 --> 01:20:40.220 +systemic immune system + +01:20:41.220 --> 01:20:46.220 +And so I don't know exactly how to draw it out on a piece of paper + +01:20:46.220 --> 01:20:50.220 +But it makes sense to me that this phenomenon, however rare it was + +01:20:50.220 --> 01:20:55.220 +Would be something that you would want to understand from the perspective of how ribosomes function + +01:20:55.220 --> 01:20:58.220 +From the perspective of protein folding + +01:20:58.220 --> 01:21:03.220 +And from the perspective of wanting to alter the function of proteins + +01:21:03.220 --> 01:21:06.220 +And knowing how to stay away from this potential danger + +01:21:07.220 --> 01:21:12.220 +So if there's anything that's dual use, it is the research into prions + +01:21:12.220 --> 01:21:20.220 +Because this is the sort of worst case scenario that in the situation where women are eating their dead relatives + +01:21:20.220 --> 01:21:23.220 +And they're eating their brain that occasionally you get this + +01:21:23.220 --> 01:21:28.220 +And more often you get this generated and it could be something to do with this phenomenon + +01:21:29.220 --> 01:21:34.220 +Could also be something to do with an immune reaction to that consumption + +01:21:34.220 --> 01:21:40.220 +An immune reaction that occurs in the gut in the place where tolerance is normally built + +01:21:43.220 --> 01:21:48.220 +And you could have a situation where something happens where that immune response is thrown off kilter + +01:21:48.220 --> 01:21:55.220 +Because self-antigens are present where they shouldn't be present, i.e. in the gut + +01:21:58.220 --> 01:22:02.220 +And so we're throwing out, there's no role for the immune system at all + +01:22:02.220 --> 01:22:08.220 +There's no role at all, and in fact, there's so no role at all + +01:22:08.220 --> 01:22:14.220 +That the picture that we were looking at earlier had no role for the immune system either + +01:22:14.220 --> 01:22:18.220 +This is just something that right, it just starts occurring + +01:22:18.220 --> 01:22:21.220 +And it was happening + +01:22:21.220 --> 01:22:23.220 +No + +01:22:23.220 --> 01:22:25.220 +Damn it + +01:22:25.220 --> 01:22:28.220 +Clicked on the frickin slide, sorry + +01:22:32.220 --> 01:22:34.220 +That there's no immune system here, right? + +01:22:39.220 --> 01:22:44.220 +There's no immune system here, this is just proteins doing their protein thing + +01:22:46.220 --> 01:22:49.220 +Sell the cell spread by nanotunnels + +01:22:50.220 --> 01:22:55.220 +Person to person spread by instruments, what he was talking about here, right there it is + +01:22:56.220 --> 01:22:58.220 +But + +01:22:59.220 --> 01:23:05.220 +There's no, he said earlier in the talk that they don't think that prions activate the immune system + +01:23:06.220 --> 01:23:08.220 +So the immune system does nothing + +01:23:09.220 --> 01:23:11.220 +Think about that + +01:23:12.220 --> 01:23:14.220 +If the immune system + +01:23:14.220 --> 01:23:22.220 +Memorizes damage-associated patterns and the immune system better dang well recognize a protein that could fold other proteins wrong + +01:23:22.220 --> 01:23:27.220 +That can cause protein aggregation, aggregates that are non-degradable + +01:23:29.220 --> 01:23:31.220 +It's interesting, right? + +01:23:31.220 --> 01:23:36.220 +And what did he say was the immune response that was so interesting in those knockout mice? Antibodies + +01:23:37.220 --> 01:23:40.220 +It's absolutely positively immunomythology + +01:23:46.220 --> 01:23:48.220 +I eat meat + +01:23:48.220 --> 01:23:50.220 +The question was do I eat meat? + +01:23:50.220 --> 01:23:53.220 +And I said yes, and then Alan chimed in with do I eat meat in England? + +01:23:53.220 --> 01:23:55.220 +And the answer is not now + +01:24:00.220 --> 01:24:03.220 +There's been a lot of discussion about this, there are no assets + +01:24:03.220 --> 01:24:06.220 +So the question is, is there any screening for blood or blood products? + +01:24:06.220 --> 01:24:09.220 +And right now there's no reliable assay for prions in blood + +01:24:10.220 --> 01:24:15.220 +And so what was done by the FDA was to first, about four years ago, put it into an effect + +01:24:15.220 --> 01:24:21.220 +If you had lived in the UK for six months or more, you could not get blood in the United States + +01:24:21.220 --> 01:24:24.220 +And then last year, this was reduced to three months + +01:24:24.220 --> 01:24:28.220 +And then it was something on the order of three years or four years for the rest of Europe + +01:24:28.220 --> 01:24:30.220 +So this is a cumulative time that you've spent + +01:24:30.220 --> 01:24:32.220 +And you get asked these questions when you get blood + +01:24:32.220 --> 01:24:36.220 +And so basically what has happened is that we've seeded a narrative about this potential + +01:24:36.220 --> 01:24:42.220 +We've seeded a narrative where it could be 60 days or it could be 40 years before + +01:24:42.220 --> 01:24:45.220 +The consequences of you eating contaminated meat + +01:24:45.220 --> 01:24:51.220 +Or the consequences of you being exposed to some farmland or you being exposed to the wrong blood + +01:24:51.220 --> 01:24:56.220 +Could result in symptomatic CJD or something related to it + +01:24:56.220 --> 01:24:58.220 +Alzheimer's disease, this kind of thing + +01:24:59.220 --> 01:25:05.220 +And he's being very imprecise on purpose trying to group them all together + +01:25:05.220 --> 01:25:08.220 +Has they're all related to protein misfolding? + +01:25:08.220 --> 01:25:12.220 +Yet some stories involve induction of the protein + +01:25:12.220 --> 01:25:18.220 +Others involve degradation and production and the rate limiting steps + +01:25:18.220 --> 01:25:25.220 +Somehow outweighing the takeover and eventually the bad protein outweighs the good protein + +01:25:25.220 --> 01:25:27.220 +And then you get the disease state + +01:25:27.220 --> 01:25:33.220 +Now testing those two ideas and how they're contradicting one another or they're mutually exclusive + +01:25:33.220 --> 01:25:35.220 +But okay + +01:25:37.220 --> 01:25:43.220 +One involves an tremendous amount of sort of hand waving with regard to the structure + +01:25:43.220 --> 01:25:48.220 +And function relationship between the sequence of a protein and its tertiary structure + +01:25:48.220 --> 01:25:52.220 +And its function, which we don't know yet + +01:25:55.220 --> 01:26:00.220 +It's an extraordinary biology that we're listening to + +01:26:00.220 --> 01:26:03.220 +So a lot of interest at the level of the FDA and drug companies + +01:26:03.220 --> 01:26:09.220 +To carry out analyses of their methods when they produce a biological such as + +01:26:09.220 --> 01:26:12.220 +Let me give you an example, TPA for heart attacks + +01:26:12.220 --> 01:26:16.220 +Are perceptin for cancer treatment, these are biologics that are produced in cells + +01:26:16.220 --> 01:26:18.220 +And when these kinds of drugs are produced + +01:26:18.220 --> 01:26:22.220 +There's a lot of interest in analyzing whether there's any possibility that prions could be carried along with them + +01:26:22.220 --> 01:26:25.220 +So this is going on now + +01:26:25.220 --> 01:26:28.220 +Some thought about prions and schizophrenia + +01:26:28.220 --> 01:26:32.220 +I think that we're going to see many, many more diseases that are due to these changes in protein shape + +01:26:32.220 --> 01:26:33.220 +Of course! + +01:26:33.220 --> 01:26:36.220 +Every disease from which we have no understanding is right for such a possibility + +01:26:36.220 --> 01:26:37.220 +Of course! + +01:26:37.220 --> 01:26:39.220 +I think one can't speculate with any certainty + +01:26:39.220 --> 01:26:41.220 +But I love to speculate + +01:26:41.220 --> 01:26:45.220 +Okay, so could I talk more about how understanding prions would be used + +01:26:45.220 --> 01:26:48.220 +Can benefit an understanding of Alzheimer's disease? + +01:26:48.220 --> 01:26:52.220 +So if one understands any of these degenerative diseases in great detail + +01:26:52.220 --> 01:26:54.220 +The implications for understanding the others are immense + +01:26:54.220 --> 01:26:58.220 +They're immense in terms of new ways of thinking about the control of protein shape + +01:26:58.220 --> 01:27:01.220 +And the control of protein processing going from a normal form to an abnormal form + +01:27:01.220 --> 01:27:02.220 +Do you understand? + +01:27:02.220 --> 01:27:05.220 +We're talking about protein processing and protein folding + +01:27:05.220 --> 01:27:07.220 +We're not talking about anything else + +01:27:07.220 --> 01:27:11.220 +And so this is an excuse to understand aberrant forms of it + +01:27:11.220 --> 01:27:15.220 +It's an excuse to induce aberrant forms of it + +01:27:15.220 --> 01:27:20.220 +And explore the possibility of harnessing that in a biological weapon scenario + +01:27:20.220 --> 01:27:23.220 +Avoiding it in a gene therapy scenario + +01:27:23.220 --> 01:27:28.220 +Avoiding it in a transfection or transformation scenario going forward + +01:27:28.220 --> 01:27:32.220 +That's what this is on its surface and at its heart + +01:27:32.220 --> 01:27:37.220 +It's all the same operation to get you to accept a gene therapy + +01:27:37.220 --> 01:27:40.220 +And the consequences of it + +01:27:41.220 --> 01:27:48.220 +And to think that there is a reflected natural threat that has an analog + +01:27:48.220 --> 01:27:52.220 +So every single thing that they thought that was going to happen + +01:27:52.220 --> 01:27:57.220 +As a result of transforming and transfecting humans in a medical way + +01:27:57.220 --> 01:28:00.220 +Using CRISPR or whatever all this shit is + +01:28:00.220 --> 01:28:05.220 +They've got to convince you that there is a natural way for these disasters to occur + +01:28:06.220 --> 01:28:09.220 +A natural way for this disease cascade to exist + +01:28:09.220 --> 01:28:11.220 +So that when it finally came + +01:28:13.220 --> 01:28:17.220 +And maybe we're here right now in 2024-2025-2026 + +01:28:17.220 --> 01:28:19.220 +They know it's coming + +01:28:21.220 --> 01:28:24.220 +They had to tie it to the virus to the spike + +01:28:24.220 --> 01:28:29.220 +So that they could absolve transfection as a methodology + +01:28:29.220 --> 01:28:33.220 +Even though they were seeding it this far back probably because they knew + +01:28:36.220 --> 01:28:40.220 +Or let's say it's very possible that they knew + +01:28:40.220 --> 01:28:43.220 +And that's why this guy is so confident that this + +01:28:43.220 --> 01:28:47.220 +Wide net that he's casting that we can understand one mechanism + +01:28:47.220 --> 01:28:51.220 +We understand all the mechanisms and protein folding and folding and folding + +01:28:51.220 --> 01:28:56.220 +Remember the lady Susan Lindquist from MIT that we've been listening to + +01:28:56.220 --> 01:28:58.220 +Over the last few weeks as well + +01:28:58.220 --> 01:29:02.220 +That lady was working in the same department as Venki + +01:29:02.220 --> 01:29:04.220 +Rosham-Shami + +01:29:04.220 --> 01:29:08.220 +Whatever the guy that Mark has done a couple programs on that has done + +01:29:08.220 --> 01:29:12.220 +Got the Nobel Prize for the ribosome + +01:29:12.220 --> 01:29:20.220 +These are all in the same small group of people trying to figure out how the machinery of a cell works + +01:29:20.220 --> 01:29:22.220 +How the machinery on DNA works + +01:29:22.220 --> 01:29:29.220 +How DNA to RNA to protein can be understood and harnessed and hijacked + +01:29:32.220 --> 01:29:35.220 +And so they talk a mean game about how much we understand + +01:29:35.220 --> 01:29:37.220 +But we don't understand this stuff like this + +01:29:37.220 --> 01:29:40.220 +And I'm learning a lot from this + +01:29:40.220 --> 01:29:44.220 +Accumulating an abnormal form, causing as we had questions before + +01:29:44.220 --> 01:29:46.220 +About how do these changes in protein shape + +01:29:46.220 --> 01:29:49.220 +And then manifest themselves in neurologic signs and symptoms + +01:29:49.220 --> 01:29:52.220 +Decrease thinking, decrease memory, inability to walk + +01:29:52.220 --> 01:29:55.220 +What is the process by which this goes on? We have no idea + +01:29:55.220 --> 01:29:57.220 +And so what we're seeing is + +01:29:57.220 --> 01:30:01.220 +We have no idea, he couldn't at least say we think it's the immune system + +01:30:01.220 --> 01:30:05.220 +Seriously? It's kind of sad + +01:30:05.220 --> 01:30:09.220 +Why is it sad? Because once you invoke the immune system + +01:30:09.220 --> 01:30:11.220 +Your protein + +01:30:11.220 --> 01:30:16.220 +Your protein is no longer the center + +01:30:16.220 --> 01:30:20.220 +It's no longer a target + +01:30:20.220 --> 01:30:22.220 +It's no longer a toy + +01:30:22.220 --> 01:30:24.220 +It's no longer a thing that you have + +01:30:24.220 --> 01:30:28.220 +That you have intellectual property rights over + +01:30:28.220 --> 01:30:31.220 +Instead, now you're going into the immune system + +01:30:31.220 --> 01:30:33.220 +Where antibodies dominate + +01:30:33.220 --> 01:30:35.220 +Where we can't study T cells + +01:30:35.220 --> 01:30:40.220 +T cells are so hard to study that Christian Anderson decided to drop out of that + +01:30:40.220 --> 01:30:43.220 +PhD and go into infectious diseases instead + +01:30:43.220 --> 01:30:47.220 +He told that story on Twiv in 2021 + +01:30:47.220 --> 01:30:50.220 +It's hilarious these people + +01:30:50.220 --> 01:30:52.220 +As more and more information + +01:30:52.220 --> 01:30:55.220 +Anything to stay away from the sacred biology + +01:30:55.220 --> 01:30:58.220 +That irreducible complexity, stay far away from it + +01:30:58.220 --> 01:31:01.220 +And go somewhere where it's only smoke and mirrors + +01:31:01.220 --> 01:31:03.220 +Like infectious diseases + +01:31:03.220 --> 01:31:05.220 +It comes from all these neurodegenerative diseases + +01:31:05.220 --> 01:31:06.220 +About them and the mechanisms + +01:31:06.220 --> 01:31:08.220 +We're going to see more and more cross fertilization + +01:31:08.220 --> 01:31:11.220 +The prion diseases have the advantages that we know much more about prions + +01:31:11.220 --> 01:31:13.220 +Than we do about the process of Alzheimer's disease + +01:31:13.220 --> 01:31:14.220 +We have much better animal models + +01:31:14.220 --> 01:31:16.220 +These transgenic or genetically... + +01:31:16.220 --> 01:31:19.220 +I am really upset with the disease, the use of the word disease + +01:31:19.220 --> 01:31:21.220 +Because it's super annoying + +01:31:21.220 --> 01:31:26.220 +We shouldn't have infectious disease + +01:31:26.220 --> 01:31:29.220 +And then genetic disease + +01:31:29.220 --> 01:31:32.220 +It should be genetic disorder + +01:31:32.220 --> 01:31:35.220 +Protein folding disorder + +01:31:35.220 --> 01:31:40.220 +Malaria disease + +01:31:40.220 --> 01:31:41.220 +Something like that + +01:31:41.220 --> 01:31:43.220 +I don't like this, but that's the way we do it + +01:31:43.220 --> 01:31:46.220 +And it's frustrating, but it's biologically confusing + +01:31:46.220 --> 01:31:49.220 +And biologically imprecise + +01:31:49.220 --> 01:31:52.220 +Near mice reproduce every aspect of a prion disease + +01:31:52.220 --> 01:31:55.220 +Of humans, of a cow, depending on what gene we express in the mouse + +01:31:55.220 --> 01:32:00.220 +And so we have tools with prion diseases that we don't have with any of the other diseases + +01:32:00.220 --> 01:32:03.220 +And I think if we're successful in the therapy and prion disease + +01:32:03.220 --> 01:32:06.220 +This will generate an enormous interest in the drug companies + +01:32:06.220 --> 01:32:08.220 +As well as the governments as well as foundations throughout the world + +01:32:08.220 --> 01:32:12.220 +But enormous amounts more money into solving a problem like Alzheimer's disease + +01:32:12.220 --> 01:32:16.220 +Anybody's, anybody's for amyloid beta + +01:32:16.220 --> 01:32:19.220 +I mean, it's hilarious how naive he sounds here + +01:32:19.220 --> 01:32:22.220 +Because we have, of course, the benefit of 22 years of research + +01:32:22.220 --> 01:32:25.220 +But it's very, very funny + +01:32:25.220 --> 01:32:28.220 +How naive he sounds here + +01:32:28.220 --> 01:32:32.220 +I'm so excited about these antibodies as therapeutics + +01:32:32.220 --> 01:32:34.220 +And also as bench tools + +01:32:34.220 --> 01:32:37.220 +And even structural dissection tools + +01:32:37.220 --> 01:32:42.220 +It's hilarious how naive he is to what he's using as tools + +01:32:42.220 --> 01:32:47.220 +Anybody's for a long time have played various roles like this + +01:32:47.220 --> 01:32:54.220 +That lots and lots of academic biologists are unaware of the huge, huge grey area + +01:32:54.220 --> 01:32:57.220 +That they've been playing with unless they've been using the proper controls + +01:32:57.220 --> 01:33:02.220 +Which is a growing and growing problem because of the change in demography of our populations + +01:33:02.220 --> 01:33:06.220 +When you're 85 years old, you have a one and three chance of having Alzheimer's disease + +01:33:06.220 --> 01:33:09.220 +And as we have more and more people who become octogenarians + +01:33:09.220 --> 01:33:12.220 +The number of people without Alzheimer's diseases that keep going up + +01:33:12.220 --> 01:33:14.220 +Other questions? + +01:33:14.220 --> 01:33:17.220 +So the question is, in late onset muscular dystrophies + +01:33:17.220 --> 01:33:22.220 +Where they have these mutations that expand the size of the protein + +01:33:22.220 --> 01:33:25.220 +Or sometimes don't expand the size of the protein but expand the gene + +01:33:25.220 --> 01:33:27.220 +Are there similarities? And the answer is yes + +01:33:27.220 --> 01:33:30.220 +One of the diseases I put up, but I didn't talk about was Huntington's disease + +01:33:30.220 --> 01:33:32.220 +And then I put up some of the spinal cerebellar ataxios + +01:33:32.220 --> 01:33:35.220 +And these diseases have these same kinds of expanded repeats + +01:33:35.220 --> 01:33:39.220 +And the answer is, I think we're talking about many similar phenomena + +01:33:39.220 --> 01:33:41.220 +Now in these cases, these are all inherited diseases + +01:33:41.220 --> 01:33:43.220 +So it's only the genetic form of disease + +01:33:43.220 --> 01:33:48.220 +But we have no understanding of why it is that these diseases have such a late onset + +01:33:48.220 --> 01:33:51.220 +What is clear is that the bigger the repeat, the earlier the onset + +01:33:51.220 --> 01:33:54.220 +But then all of that has to be qualified by many other factors + +01:33:54.220 --> 01:33:57.220 +That shift these curves up and down with respect to the repeats + +01:33:57.220 --> 01:34:00.220 +In the prion diseases, we have absolutely no understanding why it is that + +01:34:00.220 --> 01:34:03.220 +A single mutation, meaning one amino acid has changed + +01:34:03.220 --> 01:34:07.220 +Some members of the family, the same family, are 40 years old when they get the disease + +01:34:07.220 --> 01:34:09.220 +And others are 80 or 90 years old + +01:34:11.220 --> 01:34:15.220 +It's more likely to be exposure to a toxin or some other trigger than + +01:34:15.220 --> 01:34:22.220 +Rather than a disease process that's like a ticking clock or a degradation against production rate + +01:34:22.220 --> 01:34:26.220 +So again, the model makes predictions but he doesn't bother to test him + +01:34:26.220 --> 01:34:29.220 +He doesn't even bother to list the options that he sees + +01:34:29.220 --> 01:34:31.220 +It's really disingenuous + +01:34:32.220 --> 01:34:35.220 +The question is about these areas where PRPC is converted into PRPC scraping + +01:34:35.220 --> 01:34:37.220 +On the surface of the cell, these cholesterol-rich micro-domains + +01:34:37.220 --> 01:34:41.220 +One of the reasons we know they're cholesterol-rich is that with low estatin and other drugs + +01:34:41.220 --> 01:34:44.220 +We can completely abolish the formation of PRPC scraping + +01:34:44.220 --> 01:34:47.220 +Now we can't give that drug in high enough concentrations to humans + +01:34:47.220 --> 01:34:49.220 +Because we would dissolve the human + +01:34:49.220 --> 01:34:53.220 +The cells are not very happy in these very high concentrations of low estatin + +01:34:53.220 --> 01:34:57.220 +These are very important regions, these cholesterol-rich micro-domains are rafts + +01:34:57.220 --> 01:34:59.220 +That people have been studying only for the last few years + +01:34:59.220 --> 01:35:01.220 +They seem to coalesce and form caves or cabbioli + +01:35:01.220 --> 01:35:03.220 +And we really don't understand their function + +01:35:03.220 --> 01:35:05.220 +But there are more and more studies in this area + +01:35:05.220 --> 01:35:08.220 +And I think as time goes on we'll understand much more about them + +01:35:12.220 --> 01:35:16.220 +So the way the protein is multiplying is that we're seeing new PRPC being made all the time + +01:35:16.220 --> 01:35:18.220 +And then it's being degraded + +01:35:18.220 --> 01:35:23.220 +But about 5% of it in a scraping-infected cell is being bled off into the formation of new PRPC scraping + +01:35:23.220 --> 01:35:28.220 +And the old PRPC scraping, the existing PRPC scraping, drives the formation of new PRPC scraping + +01:35:28.220 --> 01:35:30.220 +See, he's saying it like he knows + +01:35:30.220 --> 01:35:34.220 +He's saying it like they have all these high fidelity images of it happening in a time-lapse photograph + +01:35:34.220 --> 01:35:38.220 +With stains that show everything and can double-dip control + +01:35:38.220 --> 01:35:42.220 +And it's just ridiculous, it's still just that cartoon + +01:35:42.220 --> 01:35:47.220 +It's still just a series of assumptions that haven't been confirmed by much other than that they can + +01:35:47.220 --> 01:35:50.220 +Sometimes see a fraction that's degradable and sometimes not + +01:35:50.220 --> 01:35:51.220 +Ting is multiplying + +01:35:51.220 --> 01:36:00.220 +So again, that's the same answer that I gave of question is what's the relationship of scraping to Parkinson's disease? + +01:36:00.220 --> 01:36:04.220 +So the same answer that I gave about the relationship of pre-owned research + +01:36:04.220 --> 01:36:07.220 +To Alzheimer's disease is the answer to what is the relationship to Parkinson's disease + +01:36:07.220 --> 01:36:10.220 +As we learn more about all of the processes that occur in + +01:36:10.220 --> 01:36:14.220 +So that kind of already helps you understand why it's a little ridiculous + +01:36:14.220 --> 01:36:20.220 +That people with regard to the spike protein will flip-flop between it being amyloidogenic + +01:36:20.220 --> 01:36:22.220 +And it being pre-anagenic + +01:36:22.220 --> 01:36:26.220 +Because as he's telling you right now, they're different proteins + +01:36:26.220 --> 01:36:31.220 +They're likely different mechanisms, they're likely different causes + +01:36:31.220 --> 01:36:35.220 +We just think that one might help us think about the other one + +01:36:35.220 --> 01:36:39.220 +There's no reason to believe if the protein is completely different + +01:36:39.220 --> 01:36:43.220 +That the mechanism is that all related and yet somehow or another + +01:36:44.220 --> 01:36:48.220 +These amateur hour worst case scenario + +01:36:48.220 --> 01:36:54.220 +Whitting or unwitting narrative pushers from 2020 + +01:36:54.220 --> 01:36:59.220 +Have been interchangeably using the word pre-anagenic and amyloidogenic + +01:36:59.220 --> 01:37:01.220 +As though they're kind of just synonyms + +01:37:01.220 --> 01:37:06.220 +When here's the Nobel Prize winner telling you they are definitely not + +01:37:07.220 --> 01:37:14.220 +In scrapie, in the pre-owned diseases, those will translate into learning much more about Parkinson's disease + +01:37:14.220 --> 01:37:17.220 +In Parkinson's disease, there is a protein called alpha-synuclein + +01:37:17.220 --> 01:37:19.220 +Which is normally made in all of us + +01:37:19.220 --> 01:37:23.220 +And when the disease occurs, or even long before the disease occurs + +01:37:23.220 --> 01:37:26.220 +Alpha-synuclein is being mishandled, improperly handled + +01:37:26.220 --> 01:37:29.220 +It starts accumulating not outside the cell as big plaques + +01:37:29.220 --> 01:37:32.220 +But inside the cell as what are called lewy bodies + +01:37:32.220 --> 01:37:34.220 +And specifically in the cells of the substantia nigra + +01:37:34.220 --> 01:37:37.220 +Which are the cells that die out in Parkinson's disease + +01:37:37.220 --> 01:37:40.220 +So there is a PRP in birds, it's very much different than mammalian PRP + +01:37:40.220 --> 01:37:44.220 +And whether birds have pre-owned diseases, I don't know + +01:37:44.220 --> 01:37:49.220 +So the question is, are there cases of CJD where it's come from a vaccine + +01:37:49.220 --> 01:37:51.220 +Or it's come from a blood transfusion + +01:37:51.220 --> 01:37:54.220 +There are several cases where there have been blood transfusions + +01:37:54.220 --> 01:37:56.220 +But one can't be sure that it either came from the blood transfusion + +01:37:56.220 --> 01:37:58.220 +Or it was simply a sporadic case of CJD + +01:37:58.220 --> 01:38:01.220 +And the same thing's true of a couple of vaccine cases + +01:38:01.220 --> 01:38:03.220 +But the problem is everybody's vaccinated + +01:38:03.220 --> 01:38:06.220 +And so we can't really make any relationship there + +01:38:06.220 --> 01:38:09.220 +So the question is, since ALS is a relatively rare disease + +01:38:09.220 --> 01:38:11.220 +Is there much research being done here at UCSF? + +01:38:11.220 --> 01:38:13.220 +And the answer is that + +01:38:13.220 --> 01:38:15.220 +There's a small amount of research being done here + +01:38:15.220 --> 01:38:16.220 +But it's significant + +01:38:16.220 --> 01:38:18.220 +And we have a clinical center and in that clinical center + +01:38:18.220 --> 01:38:20.220 +We're trying to get much more information + +01:38:20.220 --> 01:38:24.220 +And our hope is to expand ALS research in the near future + +01:38:24.220 --> 01:38:28.220 +You stand on behalf of many men, thank you so much + +01:38:28.220 --> 01:38:32.220 +Thanks guys + +01:38:32.220 --> 01:38:36.220 +I hope you found that useful + +01:38:36.220 --> 01:38:42.220 +I hope you find it definitely a little bit useful + +01:38:42.220 --> 01:38:45.220 +Please stop transfection in humans + +01:38:45.220 --> 01:38:48.220 +They are trying to eliminate the control group + +01:38:48.220 --> 01:38:52.220 +Especially in the old people, don't let those over 50 in your life + +01:38:52.220 --> 01:38:55.220 +Take any vaccine advice from their doctor + +01:38:55.220 --> 01:39:00.220 +Intramuscular injection of any combination of substances with the intent of augmenting the healthy immune system + +01:39:00.220 --> 01:39:04.220 +Of your friends, your relatives, your neighbors + +01:39:04.220 --> 01:39:05.220 +It's dumb + +01:39:05.220 --> 01:39:10.220 +Transfection in healthy humans is criminally negligent in RNA camp pandemic + +01:39:15.220 --> 01:39:17.220 +Mark got a new Lego train + +01:39:17.220 --> 01:39:19.220 +But it's wheels don't turn + +01:39:19.220 --> 01:39:21.220 +It's kind of annoying + +01:39:22.220 --> 01:39:26.220 +I don't see if there's any dinner left over for me + +01:39:26.220 --> 01:39:28.220 +Thank you very much for joining me + +01:39:28.220 --> 01:39:31.220 +Ladies and gentlemen, these are the people that support giggle and biological + +01:39:31.220 --> 01:39:33.220 +If your name's not up here yet + +01:39:33.220 --> 01:39:36.220 +It might be because I haven't updated the list in a little while + +01:39:36.220 --> 01:39:39.220 +Or it might be because you are not yet a subscriber + +01:39:39.220 --> 01:39:42.220 +And if you'd like to be, you can go to giggleandbiological.com + +01:39:42.220 --> 01:39:45.220 +And you can find a lot of different ways to set up a one time + +01:39:45.220 --> 01:39:49.220 +Or even monthly donation to our work + +01:39:49.220 --> 01:39:53.220 +Actually, as I left this play + +01:39:53.220 --> 01:39:57.220 +I'm going to cut over to the desk + +01:39:57.220 --> 01:40:02.220 +And I got a card from New Mexico today + +01:40:02.220 --> 01:40:06.220 +Thanks very much Christy, it made it + +01:40:06.220 --> 01:40:10.220 +And thanks for the grocery money + +01:40:10.220 --> 01:40:13.220 +You know, like every little bit counts + +01:40:13.220 --> 01:40:15.220 +And this is not a little bit, so thanks a lot + +01:40:15.220 --> 01:40:17.220 +Christy, thanks a lot + +01:40:19.220 --> 01:40:22.220 +See you guys again tomorrow + diff --git a/twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/README.md b/twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b344b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/twitch/2128684961 (2024-04-24) - Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024)/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Stanley Prusiner and Prions 2002 (PARTII) STUDY HALL -- (24 Apr 2024) -- Gigaohm Biological High Resistance Low Noise Information Brief + +## Streams +- https://twitch.tv/videos/2128684961 +